Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been developed and commercialized in many countries for the past decade. The regulations on these GMOs in Korea have been established through the labeling and safety evaluation systems for management of genetically modified (GM) foods under the Food Sanitation Act enacted by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). To manage these regulations effectively, several methods for GMO detection, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and immunoassay, are applied. For detection of GMOs at the level of DNA, primers from the promoter, terminator, other marker genes, and expressed proteins used in a wide range of GMOs were designed for single, multiplex, real-time PCR, and microarray applications. In Korea, multiplex PCR methods specific to GM soybean, maize, canola, and cotton were designed. The limit of detection (LOD) value was determined to be 1 % of GM mixtures, which is a significant value for the PCR method used for the labeling threshold in Korea. A DNA microarray chip was also developed for the detection of 24 GMOs, including GM soybeans, 13 GM maizes, 3 GM canolas, 5 GM cottons, and 1 GM rice. This DNA chip was proven to successfully detect GMOs from raw and processed foods. In the near future, more powerful screening and detection methods are needed for handling many kinds of GMOs and unauthorized GMOs.
Conference
International Biotechnology Symposium (IBS 2008): "Biotechnology for the Sustainability of Human Society", 13th, Dalian, China, 2008-10-12–2008-10-17
References
1 C. James. Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2007, ISAAA Briefs No. 37 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
2 European Commission Regulation (EC) 1829/2003 and 1830/2003. Off. J. Eur. Commun. L268, 1 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
3 Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Guidelines for Labeling of Genetically Modified Agricultural Products, MAF Notification No. 31 (2000).Search in Google Scholar
4 T. Matsuoka. “GMO labeling and detection methods in Japan”, APEC-JIRCAS Joint Symposium and Workshop on Agricultural Biotechnology (2001).Search in Google Scholar
5 A. Holst-Jensen, S. B. Rønning, A. Løvseth, K. G. Berdal. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.375, 985 (2003).Search in Google Scholar
6 10.1021/jf0615754, L. Yang, J. Guo, A. Pan, H. Zhang, K. Zhang, Z. Wang, D. Zhang. J. Agric. Food Chem.55, 15 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
7 Guideline of Detection Methods of Genetically Modified Foods, Korea Food and Drug Administration: Seoul, Korea (2000).Search in Google Scholar
8 Testing Manual for Genetically Modified Agricultural Products, National Agricultural Quality Management Services of Korea: Seoul, Korea (2002).Search in Google Scholar
9 10.1101/gr.6.10.986, C. A. Heid, J. Stevens, K. J. Livak, P. M. Williams. Genome Res.6, 986 (1996).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
10 10.1007/s002170100403, K. Berdal, A. Holst-Jensen. Eur. Food Res. Technol.213, 432 (2001).Search in Google Scholar
11 10.1021/jf010173n, M. Hernandez, A. Rio, T. Esteve, S. Prat, M. Pla. J. Agric. Food Chem.49, 3622 (2001).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
12 10.1021/jf802551h, J. Mano, N. Shigemitsu, S. Futo, H. Akiyama, T. Teshima, A. Hino, S. Furui, K. Kitta. J. Agric. Food Chem.57, 26 (2009).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
13 J. H. Kim, H. S. Song, D. H. Kim, H. Y. Kim. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.16, 1778 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
14 S. H. Lee, Y. H. Park, J. K. Kim, K. W. Park, Y. M. Kim. Agric. Chem. Biotechnol.47, 185 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
15 10.1021/jf052199a, S. H. Lee, D. M. Min, J. K. Kim. J. Agric. Food Chem.54, 1124 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
16 S. H. Lee, S. H. Kang, Y. H. Park, D. M. Min, Y. M. Kim. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.16, 205 (2006).10.1142/6040Search in Google Scholar
17 10.1021/jf070036b, S. H. Lee, J. K. Kim, B. Y. Yi. J. Agric. Food Chem.55, 3351 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
18 H. S. Song, J. H. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. Y. Kim. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.17, 335 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
19 M. S. Heo, J. H. Kim, S. H. Park, G. J. Woo, H. Y. Kim. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.14, 1227 (2004).Search in Google Scholar
20 J. H. Kim, H. S. Song, M. S. Heo, W. Y. Lee, S. H. Lee, S. H. Park, H. K. Park, M. C. Kim, H. Y. Kim. Food Sci. Biotechnol.15, 148 (2006).Search in Google Scholar
21 J. H. Ahn, J. H. Kim, S. Y. Kim, W. Y. Lee, S. H. Park, H. Y. Kim. Food Sci. Biotechnol.17, 569 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
22 10.3839/jksabc.2009.020, J. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. Y. Kim. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem.52, 105 (2009).Search in Google Scholar
23 J. H. Kim, T. W. Kim, W. Y. Lee, S. H. Park, H. Y. Kim. Food Sci. Biotechnol.16, 104 (2007).Search in Google Scholar
24 J. H. Kim, S. A. Kim, Y. J. Seo, W. Y. Lee, S. H. Park, H. Y. Kim. Food Sci. Biotechnol.17, 829 (2008).Search in Google Scholar
25 10.1007/s11103-005-6173-4, S. Leimanis, M. Hernández, S. Fernández, F. Boyer, M. Burns, S. Bruderer, T. Glouden, N. Harris, O. Kaeppeli, P. Philipp, M. Pla, P. Puigdomènech, M. Vaitilingom, Y. Bertheau, J. Remacle. Plant Mol. Biol.61, 123 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
26 10.1021/jf048368t, X. Xu, Y. Li, H. Zhao, S. Wen, S. Q. Wang, J. Huang, K. Huang, Y. B. Luo. J. Agric. Food Chem.53, 3789 (2005).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
27 10.1016/j.bios.2005.12.001, J. Xu, H. Miao, H. Wu, W. Huang, R. Tang, M. Qiu, J. Wen, S. Zhu, Y. Li. Biosens. Bioelectron.22, 71 (2006).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
28 10.1021/jf070433m, J. Xu, S. Zhu, H. Miao, W. Huang, M. Qiu, Y. Huang, X. Fu, Y. Li. J. Agric. Food Chem.55, 5575 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed
29 10.1186/1472-6750-7-91, T. Tengs, A. B. Kristoffersen, K. G. Berdal, T. Thorstensen, M. A. Butenko, H. Nesvold, A. Holst-Jensen. BMC Biotechnol.7, 91 (2007).Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
30 E. J. Kok, H. J. M. Aarts, A. M. A. Van Hoef, H. A. Kuiper. J. AOAC Int.85, 797 (2002).Search in Google Scholar
© 2013 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
