Moscow, Russian Federation
Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The results of a 60-year experience on the effect of thinning on the stability and productivity of the stand of English oak of artificial origin in the Tellerman experimental forestry of the Institute of Forestry of the Russian Academy of Sciences have been summed up. Cleaning cuttings was carried out on permanent trial plots in 2 ways - by the grassroots method and by method of V.G. Nesterov with an intensity of up to 35% in stock 3 times. In the long-term dynamics, the ranking of stands on the average height and diameter, the number of trunks and the sum of cross-sectional areas, stock and total productivity, given by the intensity and the method of thinning, was mainly preserved. With increasing felling intensity, regardless of their method, relative increment and change in the stock have increased. In conditions of periodic moisture deficiency and accompanying damage to the leaves by insects, the stands could not restore previous trajectory of stock after the third felling. After 60 years of age, the stock of forest stands has not practically increased. Regardless of the intensity and the method, cleaning cutting contributed to the stability of growth rate of the stands. In the control, the stock decreased as a result of wave detachment, including large trunks. The stock of large trunks by the age of 80 years in the options with cutting was higher than in control one by an average of 17%. In order to reduce the risk of stock reduction by the age of ripeness in the upland oak forests of the southern forest-steppe, it is recommended to limit the period of intensive cutting up to 40 years. In this case, the trees will be able to form well-developed crowns at the end of the period of rapid growth. During unfavorable periods there is a decrease in the productivity of plantations and a decrease in the effect of thinning, which is important to take into account when predicting the growth of stands.
Quercus robur, thinning, artificial forest stand, stand development, southern forest-steppe, water deficit, insect damage of leaves
Целью рубок ухода является формирование устойчивых, высококачественных и продуктивных насаждений. Лучший метод изучения их влияния – опыты на постоянных пробных площадях [8, 15].
Наибольшее значение рубки ухода имеют в период наиболее интенсивных роста, дифференциации и отпада древостоев [8]. Чем позднее проведены рубки ухода, тем ниже их эффективность [1, 8]. Многочисленные исследования показали, что с увеличением интенсивности рубок ухода снижается запас древостоя к возрасту спелости. С возрас-том эта зависимость усиливается и начинается при меньшей интенсивности рубок. Засухи и затопления изменяют влияние рубок ухода. Важно изучение этих закономерностей для различных экотопов и лесообразующих пород [13]. Многие исследователи на основании длительных опытов пришли к выводу, что общая производительность не снижается, если рубка не была запоздалой или слишком сильной. Результаты одинаковы для вариантов с разным составом, возрастом древостоев, в разных природных условиях. Необходимо знать допустимое уменьшение запаса и густоты, не приводящее к падению общей производительности [8]. До настоящего времени нет единого мнения, существует ли оптимальная плотность древостоя, при которой продуктивность максимальна. Более определенно можно говорить об оптимальной плотности в отношении запаса крупномерной древесины [15].
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