Main Article Content
Abstract
Currently, social media is required to inform the public about local government programmes related to smart city. Advances in technology require the government to provide fast, precise and accurate information services. Local government leaders' communication patterns are crucial factors in the successful implementation of the smart city technology. This study aims to map the communication priorities of DKI Jakarta government leaders in publicising the smart city programmes using Instagram. The study, using a qualitative method with a content analysis approach, employs a case study involving an Instagram account owned by Anies Baswedan as the head of the DKI Jakarta regional government, analysing captions posted between February 2019 and February 2020. The ATLAS.Ti program was used for data processing. The study results reveal that the highest priority area for communication regarding the smart city programmes was Smart Economy. Moderate priorities included Smart Living, Smart People, Smart Governance and Smart Mobility. Lastly, Smart Environment had a low priority. This study demonstrates that Instagram can be an effective medium for building interaction between leaders and the community in delivering smart city programmes with balanced communication intensity for each programme. Thus, this study's findings are expected to provide a reference for local government leaders in balancing communication priorities for all smart city programmes.
Keywords
Analysis content
instagram
local government leader
smart city
social media
Article Details
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Copyright @2017. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial used, distribution and reproduction in any medium
How to Cite
Anggadwita, G., Alamanda, D. T., Permatasari, A., & Setiawan, I. I. (2021). Mapping Communication Priority of Local Government Leaders through Instagram Captions in Publicising Smart City Programmes. The Asian Journal of Technology Management (AJTM), 14(2), 141–152. https://doi.org/10.12695/ajtm.2021.14.2.3
References
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Abella, A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & De-Pablos-Heredero, C. (2017). A model for the analysis of data-driven innovation and value generation in smart cities' ecosystems. Cities, 64, 47-53.
Anggadwita, G., Rikumahu, B., Hendayani, R., & Putra, R. R. (2020a, June). Measuring the effectiveness of social media owned by local government leaders in communicating smart city programs. In 2020 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Anggadwita, G., Yuliana, E., Alamanda, D. T., Ramdhani, A., & Permatasari, A. (2020b, February). New culinary trends based on the most popular Instagram accounts. In Understanding Digital Industry: Proceedings of the Conference on Managing Digital Industry, Technology and Entrepreneurship (CoMDITE 2019), July 10-11, 2019, Bandung, Indonesia (p. 358). Publisher location: Routledge.
Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). The smart city in practice. In Understanding smart cities: A tool for smart government or an industrial trick? (pp. 47–185). Publisher: Springer.
Astutik, E. P., & Gunartin, G. (2019). Analisis Kota Jakarta Sebagai Smart City dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Menuju Masyarakat Madani. INOVASI, 6(2), 41–58.
Badeni. (2014). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta.
Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering organizations (pp. 13-28). Berlin, German: Springer.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271.
Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., & Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331–338.
Brett, J. (2019). Evolving digital leadership. Forest Lodge, New South Wales, Australia: Apress.
Budiarti, S. M., Wilga S. R. P., Nunung, N. R. (2016). Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3, 47–51.
Chen, H. (2017). Why people use Instagram and what brands can learn. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://www.jou.ufl.edu/insights/why- people-use-instagram-and-what-brands-can-learn/
Cosgrove, M., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Jabbar, R., Kehoe, M., Meegan, J., & Nesbitt, P. (2011). Smarter cities series: Introducing the IBM city operations and management solution. IBM Corporation.
Cote, R. (2017). Vision of effective leadership. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(6), 1–10.
Dana, L. P., & Dana, T. E. (2005). Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 79–88.
Drisko, J. W., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gheyle, N. & Jacobs, T. (2017). Content analysis: A short overview. [Unpublished]: Internal research note, Centre for EU Studies, Ghent University
Hasibuan, A., & Krianto, S., O. (2019). Smart City, Konsep Kota Cerdas Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Masalah Perkotaan Kabupaten/Kota, di Kota-kota Besar Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Buletin Utama Teknik, 14(2), 127–135.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1996). Great ideas revisited: Life-cycle theory of leadership. [Versión electrónica]. Training & Development, 50(1), 42-47.
Jakarta Smart City. (2019). Interactive Jakarta Smart City. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from http://interactive.smartcity.jakarta.go.id/
Kapoor, K.K., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N.P., Patil, P., Dwivedi, Y.K., & Nerur, S. (2018). Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future. Information Systems Frontiers, 20, 531–558.
Kemp, S. (2019). Digital 2019: Global Digital Overview. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from Datareportal: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-overview
Khan, A. N., Ali, A., Khan, N. A., & Jehan, N. (2019). A study of relationship between transformational leadership and task performance: The role of social media and affective organisational commitment. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 31(4), 499–516.
Kim, T. H., Ramos, C., & Mohammed, S. (2017). Smart city and IoT. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 159-162.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K., L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human communication research, 30(3), 411-433.
Lee, J., & Hong, I. B. (2016). Predicting positive user responses to social media advertising: The roles of emotional appeal, informativeness, and creativity. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 360-373.
leMadestam, J., & Falkman, L. (2017). Rhetorical construction of political leadership in social media. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30(3), 299–311.
Letaifa, S. B. (2015). How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1414–1419.
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., & Yousef, W. (2012). Modelling the smart city performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137–149.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360.
Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408.
Men, L. R., Yang, A., Song, B., & Kiousis, S. (2018). Examining the impact of public engagement and presidential leadership communication on social media in China: Implications for government–public relationship cultivation. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(3), 252–268.
Molinillo, S., Anaya, S. R., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2019). Smart city communication via social media: Analysing residents' and visitors' engagement. Cities, 94, 247–255.
Nadapdap, N. Y., Alamanda, D. T., Prabowo, F. S., & Ayuningtyas, H. G. (2016). Measuring the effectiveness of government communication on Bandung Smart City (The study on @Ridwankamil Twitter account during the period of 16 September 2013 to 31 July 2015). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 21(4), 72–79.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. United States: SAGE Publications.
Pelton, J., & Singh, I. (2019). Smart cities of today and tomorrow. Berlin, German: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95822-4.
Picazo-Vela, S., Gutiérrez-Martínez, I., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012). Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 504–511.
Priansa, D. J. (2017). Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu pada Era Media Sosial. CV. Pustaka Setia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Ramdani, D. F., & Habibi, F. (2017). Penguatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Mendorong Program Smart City di Kota Bandung. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Terapan| SENASSET (pp. 125-129).
Ruben, B.D & Gigliotti, R.A. (2016). Leadership as Social Influence: An Expanded View of Leadership Communication Theory and Practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23 (4), 467–479
Sulianta, F. (2015). Keajaiban Media Sosial. Jakarta, Indonesia: Alex Media Komputindo.
Suwatno, H. D., & Priansa, D. J. (201). Manajemen SDM dalam organisasi publik dan bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta.Wang, I. (2020). Index score of leading smart cities worldwide in 2019. Retrieved January dd, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/826003/global-smart-city-index/.
Wearesocial, Indonesia. (2020). Social, digital, and mobile in Indonesia. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://wearesocial.com/sg/special-reports/social-digital-mobile-indonesia.
Widharetno, S. (2017). Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City di Kota Bandung. Bandung: Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP Bandung.
References
Abella, A., Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado, M., & De-Pablos-Heredero, C. (2017). A model for the analysis of data-driven innovation and value generation in smart cities' ecosystems. Cities, 64, 47-53.
Anggadwita, G., Rikumahu, B., Hendayani, R., & Putra, R. R. (2020a, June). Measuring the effectiveness of social media owned by local government leaders in communicating smart city programs. In 2020 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Anggadwita, G., Yuliana, E., Alamanda, D. T., Ramdhani, A., & Permatasari, A. (2020b, February). New culinary trends based on the most popular Instagram accounts. In Understanding Digital Industry: Proceedings of the Conference on Managing Digital Industry, Technology and Entrepreneurship (CoMDITE 2019), July 10-11, 2019, Bandung, Indonesia (p. 358). Publisher location: Routledge.
Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). The smart city in practice. In Understanding smart cities: A tool for smart government or an industrial trick? (pp. 47–185). Publisher: Springer.
Astutik, E. P., & Gunartin, G. (2019). Analisis Kota Jakarta Sebagai Smart City dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Menuju Masyarakat Madani. INOVASI, 6(2), 41–58.
Badeni. (2014). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta.
Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering organizations (pp. 13-28). Berlin, German: Springer.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271.
Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., & Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331–338.
Brett, J. (2019). Evolving digital leadership. Forest Lodge, New South Wales, Australia: Apress.
Budiarti, S. M., Wilga S. R. P., Nunung, N. R. (2016). Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3, 47–51.
Chen, H. (2017). Why people use Instagram and what brands can learn. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://www.jou.ufl.edu/insights/why- people-use-instagram-and-what-brands-can-learn/
Cosgrove, M., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Jabbar, R., Kehoe, M., Meegan, J., & Nesbitt, P. (2011). Smarter cities series: Introducing the IBM city operations and management solution. IBM Corporation.
Cote, R. (2017). Vision of effective leadership. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(6), 1–10.
Dana, L. P., & Dana, T. E. (2005). Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 79–88.
Drisko, J. W., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gheyle, N. & Jacobs, T. (2017). Content analysis: A short overview. [Unpublished]: Internal research note, Centre for EU Studies, Ghent University
Hasibuan, A., & Krianto, S., O. (2019). Smart City, Konsep Kota Cerdas Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Masalah Perkotaan Kabupaten/Kota, di Kota-kota Besar Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Buletin Utama Teknik, 14(2), 127–135.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1996). Great ideas revisited: Life-cycle theory of leadership. [Versión electrónica]. Training & Development, 50(1), 42-47.
Jakarta Smart City. (2019). Interactive Jakarta Smart City. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from http://interactive.smartcity.jakarta.go.id/
Kapoor, K.K., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N.P., Patil, P., Dwivedi, Y.K., & Nerur, S. (2018). Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future. Information Systems Frontiers, 20, 531–558.
Kemp, S. (2019). Digital 2019: Global Digital Overview. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from Datareportal: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-overview
Khan, A. N., Ali, A., Khan, N. A., & Jehan, N. (2019). A study of relationship between transformational leadership and task performance: The role of social media and affective organisational commitment. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 31(4), 499–516.
Kim, T. H., Ramos, C., & Mohammed, S. (2017). Smart city and IoT. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 159-162.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K., L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human communication research, 30(3), 411-433.
Lee, J., & Hong, I. B. (2016). Predicting positive user responses to social media advertising: The roles of emotional appeal, informativeness, and creativity. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 360-373.
leMadestam, J., & Falkman, L. (2017). Rhetorical construction of political leadership in social media. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30(3), 299–311.
Letaifa, S. B. (2015). How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1414–1419.
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., & Yousef, W. (2012). Modelling the smart city performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137–149.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360.
Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408.
Men, L. R., Yang, A., Song, B., & Kiousis, S. (2018). Examining the impact of public engagement and presidential leadership communication on social media in China: Implications for government–public relationship cultivation. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(3), 252–268.
Molinillo, S., Anaya, S. R., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2019). Smart city communication via social media: Analysing residents' and visitors' engagement. Cities, 94, 247–255.
Nadapdap, N. Y., Alamanda, D. T., Prabowo, F. S., & Ayuningtyas, H. G. (2016). Measuring the effectiveness of government communication on Bandung Smart City (The study on @Ridwankamil Twitter account during the period of 16 September 2013 to 31 July 2015). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 21(4), 72–79.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. United States: SAGE Publications.
Pelton, J., & Singh, I. (2019). Smart cities of today and tomorrow. Berlin, German: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95822-4.
Picazo-Vela, S., Gutiérrez-Martínez, I., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012). Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 504–511.
Priansa, D. J. (2017). Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu pada Era Media Sosial. CV. Pustaka Setia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Ramdani, D. F., & Habibi, F. (2017). Penguatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Mendorong Program Smart City di Kota Bandung. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Terapan| SENASSET (pp. 125-129).
Ruben, B.D & Gigliotti, R.A. (2016). Leadership as Social Influence: An Expanded View of Leadership Communication Theory and Practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23 (4), 467–479
Sulianta, F. (2015). Keajaiban Media Sosial. Jakarta, Indonesia: Alex Media Komputindo.
Suwatno, H. D., & Priansa, D. J. (201). Manajemen SDM dalam organisasi publik dan bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta.Wang, I. (2020). Index score of leading smart cities worldwide in 2019. Retrieved January dd, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/826003/global-smart-city-index/.
Wearesocial, Indonesia. (2020). Social, digital, and mobile in Indonesia. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://wearesocial.com/sg/special-reports/social-digital-mobile-indonesia.
Widharetno, S. (2017). Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City di Kota Bandung. Bandung: Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP Bandung.
Anggadwita, G., Rikumahu, B., Hendayani, R., & Putra, R. R. (2020a, June). Measuring the effectiveness of social media owned by local government leaders in communicating smart city programs. In 2020 8th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology (ICoICT) (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Anggadwita, G., Yuliana, E., Alamanda, D. T., Ramdhani, A., & Permatasari, A. (2020b, February). New culinary trends based on the most popular Instagram accounts. In Understanding Digital Industry: Proceedings of the Conference on Managing Digital Industry, Technology and Entrepreneurship (CoMDITE 2019), July 10-11, 2019, Bandung, Indonesia (p. 358). Publisher location: Routledge.
Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). The smart city in practice. In Understanding smart cities: A tool for smart government or an industrial trick? (pp. 47–185). Publisher: Springer.
Astutik, E. P., & Gunartin, G. (2019). Analisis Kota Jakarta Sebagai Smart City dan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Menuju Masyarakat Madani. INOVASI, 6(2), 41–58.
Badeni. (2014). Kepemimpinan dan Perilaku Organisasi. Bandung, Indonesia: Alfabeta.
Benevolo, C., Dameri, R. P., & D’auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. In Empowering organizations (pp. 13-28). Berlin, German: Springer.
Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly, 27(3), 264–271.
Bresciani, S., Ferraris, A., & Del Giudice, M. (2018). The management of organizational ambidexterity through alliances in a new context of analysis: Internet of Things (IoT) smart city projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 331–338.
Brett, J. (2019). Evolving digital leadership. Forest Lodge, New South Wales, Australia: Apress.
Budiarti, S. M., Wilga S. R. P., Nunung, N. R. (2016). Pengaruh Media Sosial Terhadap Perilaku Remaja. Jurnal Penelitian & Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 3, 47–51.
Chen, H. (2017). Why people use Instagram and what brands can learn. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://www.jou.ufl.edu/insights/why- people-use-instagram-and-what-brands-can-learn/
Cosgrove, M., Harthoorn, W., Hogan, J., Jabbar, R., Kehoe, M., Meegan, J., & Nesbitt, P. (2011). Smarter cities series: Introducing the IBM city operations and management solution. IBM Corporation.
Cote, R. (2017). Vision of effective leadership. International Journal of Business Administration, 8(6), 1–10.
Dana, L. P., & Dana, T. E. (2005). Expanding the scope of methodologies used in entrepreneurship research. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 2(1), 79–88.
Drisko, J. W., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content analysis. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gheyle, N. & Jacobs, T. (2017). Content analysis: A short overview. [Unpublished]: Internal research note, Centre for EU Studies, Ghent University
Hasibuan, A., & Krianto, S., O. (2019). Smart City, Konsep Kota Cerdas Sebagai Alternatif Penyelesaian Masalah Perkotaan Kabupaten/Kota, di Kota-kota Besar Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Buletin Utama Teknik, 14(2), 127–135.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1996). Great ideas revisited: Life-cycle theory of leadership. [Versión electrónica]. Training & Development, 50(1), 42-47.
Jakarta Smart City. (2019). Interactive Jakarta Smart City. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from http://interactive.smartcity.jakarta.go.id/
Kapoor, K.K., Tamilmani, K., Rana, N.P., Patil, P., Dwivedi, Y.K., & Nerur, S. (2018). Advances in Social Media Research: Past, Present and Future. Information Systems Frontiers, 20, 531–558.
Kemp, S. (2019). Digital 2019: Global Digital Overview. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from Datareportal: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2019-global-digital-overview
Khan, A. N., Ali, A., Khan, N. A., & Jehan, N. (2019). A study of relationship between transformational leadership and task performance: The role of social media and affective organisational commitment. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 31(4), 499–516.
Kim, T. H., Ramos, C., & Mohammed, S. (2017). Smart city and IoT. Future Generation Computer Systems, 76, 159-162.
Kotler, P., & Keller, K., L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education.
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human communication research, 30(3), 411-433.
Lee, J., & Hong, I. B. (2016). Predicting positive user responses to social media advertising: The roles of emotional appeal, informativeness, and creativity. International Journal of Information Management, 36(3), 360-373.
leMadestam, J., & Falkman, L. (2017). Rhetorical construction of political leadership in social media. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30(3), 299–311.
Letaifa, S. B. (2015). How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1414–1419.
Lombardi, P., Giordano, S., Farouh, H., & Yousef, W. (2012). Modelling the smart city performance. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 25(2), 137–149.
Medaglia, R. (2012). eParticipation research: Moving characterization forward (2006–2011). Government Information Quarterly, 29(3), 346–360.
Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: A review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408.
Men, L. R., Yang, A., Song, B., & Kiousis, S. (2018). Examining the impact of public engagement and presidential leadership communication on social media in China: Implications for government–public relationship cultivation. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 12(3), 252–268.
Molinillo, S., Anaya, S. R., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2019). Smart city communication via social media: Analysing residents' and visitors' engagement. Cities, 94, 247–255.
Nadapdap, N. Y., Alamanda, D. T., Prabowo, F. S., & Ayuningtyas, H. G. (2016). Measuring the effectiveness of government communication on Bandung Smart City (The study on @Ridwankamil Twitter account during the period of 16 September 2013 to 31 July 2015). IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 21(4), 72–79.
Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice. United States: SAGE Publications.
Pelton, J., & Singh, I. (2019). Smart cities of today and tomorrow. Berlin, German: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved from doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95822-4.
Picazo-Vela, S., Gutiérrez-Martínez, I., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2012). Understanding risks, benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 504–511.
Priansa, D. J. (2017). Komunikasi Pemasaran Terpadu pada Era Media Sosial. CV. Pustaka Setia, Bandung, Indonesia.
Ramdani, D. F., & Habibi, F. (2017). Penguatan Partisipasi Masyarakat Dalam Mendorong Program Smart City di Kota Bandung. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Terapan| SENASSET (pp. 125-129).
Ruben, B.D & Gigliotti, R.A. (2016). Leadership as Social Influence: An Expanded View of Leadership Communication Theory and Practice. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 23 (4), 467–479
Sulianta, F. (2015). Keajaiban Media Sosial. Jakarta, Indonesia: Alex Media Komputindo.
Suwatno, H. D., & Priansa, D. J. (201). Manajemen SDM dalam organisasi publik dan bisnis. Bandung: Alfabeta.Wang, I. (2020). Index score of leading smart cities worldwide in 2019. Retrieved January dd, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/826003/global-smart-city-index/.
Wearesocial, Indonesia. (2020). Social, digital, and mobile in Indonesia. Retrieved January 20, 2020, from https://wearesocial.com/sg/special-reports/social-digital-mobile-indonesia.
Widharetno, S. (2017). Implementasi Kebijakan Smart City di Kota Bandung. Bandung: Universitas Sangga Buana YPKP Bandung.