Various stresses and strains are generated on the surface and inside of pharmaceutical tablets when an external force is applied. In addition, stresses in various directions can remain on the surface and inside the tablets because they are generally prepared by compaction of pharmaceutical powders using dies and punches. As it is difficult to measure the stress and strain generation in the tablets experimentally, a numerical simulation was applied by employing a finite element method (FEM). An elastic model is often used to represent stress and strain generation after loading an external force to tablets, and the Drucker–Prager cap (DPC) model has been widely recognized for representing the remaining stress distributions during the compaction of powder to tablet form. Firstly, this article describes an FEM simulation of the stress generation on the surface of the scored tablets after loading the bending force from the back side of the tablets. Next, the FEM simulation was introduced to determine the effect of diametrical compression on the stress and strain generation in the tablets by comparing the results measured experimentally. Furthermore, the residual stresses remaining inside the tablets were simulated using FEM, in which powder compaction was represented as the DPC model. A clear difference was observed in the residual stress distributions between the flat and convex tablets. This indicates that FEM simulation is useful for achieving a science-based understanding of critical quality attributes in various types of tablets.