基于声学指数的神农架国家公园声音多样性动态变化

doi:10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208003

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南京林业大学学报（自然科学版） ›› 2023, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 39-48.doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208003

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基于声学指数的神农架国家公园声音多样性动态变化

罗丽¹^,²(), 侯亚男¹^,³, 杨敬元⁴, 于新文¹^,⁵^,^*(), 高灵旺², 欧阳萱¹^,⁵, 杨铭伦¹, 高家军¹, 郭安琪¹, 刘昱坤¹

1.中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京 100091
2.中国农业大学植物保护学院,北京 100083
3.成都东软学院计算机与软件学院,四川成都 611844
4.神农架国家公园管理局科学研究院,湖北神农架林区 442421
5.国家林业和草原局林业遥感与信息技术重点实验室,北京 100091

收稿日期:2022-08-01 修回日期:2022-09-28 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-10-10
通讯作者: *于新文(yuxinwen@ifrit.ac.cn),研究员。
作者简介:罗丽(luoli9420@163.com)。
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2019ZB011)

Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China

LUO Li¹^,²(), HOU Yanan¹^,³, YANG Jingyuan⁴, YU Xinwen¹^,⁵^,^*(), GAO Lingwang², OUYANG Xuan¹^,⁵, YANG Minglun¹, GAO Jiajun¹, GUO Anqi¹, LIU Yukun¹

1. Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, CAF, Beijing 100091, China
2. College of Plant Protection,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
3. Department of Computer Science Engineering, Chengdu Neusoft University, Chengdu 611844,China
4. Scientific Research Institute of Shennongjia National Park Administration,Shennongjia Forest District 442421, China
5. Key Laboratory of Forestry Remote Sensing and Information System, NFGA, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2022-08-01 Revised:2022-09-28 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评估声学指数在神农架国家公园内对动物声音多样性动态变化的响应,探究神农架国家公园声音多样性的变化特征,为当地生态保护提供量化依据。【方法】在神农架国家公园较大区域内部署了9个声音采集点,连续采集了2021年5—7月的样点声音数据,采用生态声学的方法,从声音数据中提取了声学复杂度指数(ACI)、生物声学指数(BI)、归一化声景差异指数(NDSI)3个声学指数,并探究这3个声学多样性指数夏季的动态变化特征。【结果】 ACI指数在夏季变化的总体趋势并不显著,BI指数呈双峰变化趋势,NDSI指数呈3峰或4峰变化趋势;经Mann-Kendall突变性检验的结果表明,气候和人为干扰是引起指数值突变的主要原因;日变化结果显示ACI指数不能很好地反映日变化趋势,但BI指数和NDSI指数具有明显的日变化趋势,且变化趋势符合物种黎明/黄昏合唱的习性;声学指数随海拔梯度的空间变化结果表明,ACI、BI指数在中海拔区域具有最大值,且ACI指数与海拔相关性较强,NDSI指数没有显著的变化趋势。【结论】 BI、NDSI指数能较好地反映动物声音多样性随时间动态变化趋势,气候变化和人为活动会造成声音多样性的突变。ACI指数能较好说明动物声音多样性随空间的变化,研究区域内声音多样性在中海拔区域最大。

关键词: 声学指数, 生物多样性, 声学复杂度指数(ACI), 生物声学指数(BI), 归一化声景差异指数(NDSI), 神农架国家公园

Abstract:

【Objective】The study aims to evaluate the response of acoustic indices to the dynamic changes of animal sound diversity, further to explore the characteristics of the variation of animal sound diversity in Shennongjia National Park, China, in order to provide a quantitative basis for the local ecological protection. 【Method】We deployed nine sound recording equipments in nine sampling sites in Shennongjia National Park, and sound recording data from May to July 2021 were obtained. A time series of eco-acosutic indices including acoustic complexity index (ACI), bioacoustic index (BI), normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI) were extracted from the recording data after noise reduction processing. Further the summer dynamic characteristics of these three acoustic diversity indices were analyzed.【Result】Results showed that the variation of ACI was not obvious during the recording period, while BI showed a double peak variation, NDSI index showed a triple or four peak variation. Results of the Mann-Kendall mutagenicity test showed that ACI only had a mutations at a few sampling sites, while BI and NDSI had mutation at most of the sampling sites. And the analysis of daily variations on the date of the index mutation suggested that weather and human disturbance are the main causes of the index mutation. Results of daily changes of acoustic indices showed that the variation of ACI was not obvious also, while BI and NDSI had a obvious diurnal variation trend, which was consistent with the species of dawn/dusk chorus. The spatial variation of acoustic indexes with altitude gradient indicated that ACI and BI have the maximum value in the middle altitude area, and ACI has a strong correlation with the altitude, while the NDSI has no obvious change.【Conclusion】Our results demonstrated that BI and NDSI could better reflect the dynamic changes of animal sound diversity over time, and the changes of animal sound diversity in Shennongjia National Park showed a multi-peak variation during the recording period, and weather and human activities would cause the abrupt change. The ACI can well explain the spatial variation of animal sound diversity, and the maximum diversity was found in the middle altitude area.

Key words: acoustic index, biodiversity, acoustic complexity index (ACI), bioacoustic index (BI), normalized difference soundscape index (NDSI), Shennongjia National Park

中图分类号:

Q958.1

罗丽,侯亚男,杨敬元,等. 基于声学指数的神农架国家公园声音多样性动态变化[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(5): 39-48.

LUO Li, HOU Yanan, YANG Jingyuan, YU Xinwen, GAO Lingwang, OUYANG Xuan, YANG Minglun, GAO Jiajun, GUO Anqi, LIU Yukun. Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(5): 39-48.DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202208003.

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采样点编号及位置 location of sampling site and its No.	经纬度/(°) longitude and latitude	海拔/m altitude	周围环境 surrounding
1-大龙潭 Dalongtan	110.29E,31.49N	2 184.88	溪流旁
2-观音洞 Guanyindong	110.27E,31.49N	2 375.36	指向峡谷
3-长横二线 Changhengerxian	110.29E,31.46N	2 456.36	坡中
4-神农谷 Shennonggu	110.26E,31.44N	3 011.28	坡顶
5-官门山 Guanmenshan	110.38E,31.44N	1 396.46	坡顶
6-大九湖 Dajiuhu	110.01E,31.48N	1 741.78	平地
7-鱼儿沟 Yu’ergou	110.33E,31.53N	1 802.42	坡底
8-仟家坪 Qianjiaping	110.41E,31.41N	1 720.98	坡底
9-酒壶坪垭口Jiuhuping	110.36E,31.49N	1 816.62	坡中

基于声学指数的神农架国家公园声音多样性动态变化

Exploration of dynamic changes of sound diversity based on acoustic index in the Shennongjia National Park, China

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