长江流域赣皖区域城市水生态环境特征解析及整治对策

曾令武; 王峥; 朱洪涛; 孙德智

doi:10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210703

长江流域赣皖区域城市水生态环境特征解析及整治对策

doi: 10.12153/j.issn.1674-991X.20210703

曾令武^{1, 2,},
王峥^{1, 2},
朱洪涛^{1, 2},
孙德智^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京林业大学, 水体污染源控制技术北京市重点实验室
2.
北京林业大学, 污染水体源控与生态修复技术北京高校工程研究中心

基金项目: 国家长江生态环境保护修复联合研究项目（第一期）（2021-长江项目-001-W-004）

详细信息

作者简介:
曾令武（1998—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事城市水环境治理研究，zenglw1998@163.com

通讯作者:
孙德智（1960—），男，教授，主要从事污染水体源控与生态修复研究，sundezhi@bjfu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X52
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-16

Analysis of the characteristics of water eco-environment and comprehensive countermeasures for cities in Jiangxi and Anhui region of the Yangtze River Basin

ZENG Lingwu^{1, 2
,},
WANG Zheng^{1, 2},
ZHU Hongtao^{1, 2},
SUN Dezhi^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University
2.
Research Center for Source Control and Eco-remediation of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University

摘要

摘要:
近年来长江流域赣皖区域城镇化水平不断提高，但城市污水收集处理设施建设滞后导致大量污染物排入城市水体，使城市水生态环境遭到破坏。以区域内19个城市为研究对象，从水环境、水资源、水生态和水安全4个方面总结了区域城市水生态环境特征；基于文献资料调研及相关污染源的污染负荷计算，剖析了造成水生态环境问题的内在原因。结果表明：城镇生活源为区域内多数城市第一大污染源；用水效率偏低加剧了城市水资源短缺现象；城市化的建设使区域内湖泊富营养化风险突出，水生态系统受损严重；有色金属采矿及发达的航运造成河湖重金属和航运污染风险突出。针对上述问题，提出了包含城市点源与面源污染防治、节水型城市构建、富营养化风险控制和有色金属及航运码头污染控制的水生态环境综合整治对策建议。
- 长江流域赣皖区域 /
- 城市水生态环境 /
- 问题解析 /
- 综合整治对策
Abstract:
In recent years, the urbanization rate in Jiangxi and Anhui region of the Yangtze River Basin has been increasing, but due to the lag in the construction of urban sewage collection and treatment facilities, a large number of pollutants have been discharged into the urban water bodies, and the urban water eco-environment has been damaged. Taking 19 cities in the region as the study object, the characteristics of regional urban water eco-environment were summarized from the aspects of water environment quality, water resources, water ecology and water security, and the intrinsic factors causing water eco-environmental problems were analyzed by means of literature survey and calculation of pollution load of relevant pollution sources. The results showed that: urban domestic sources were the largest source of pollution in most cities; low water use efficiency had aggravated urban water shortage; the construction of urbanization had made the lake eutrophication risk prominent, and water ecosystem seriously damaged; the development of non-ferrous metal mining and shipping had caused prominent risk of heavy metal and shipping pollution in rivers and lakes. In view of the above problems, comprehensive treatment countermeasures and suggestions for water eco-environment, including urban point source, non-point source pollution prevention, water-saving city construction, eutrophication risk control and non-ferrous metal and shipping terminal pollution control, were proposed.
- Jiangxi and Anhui region of the Yangtze River Basin /
- urban water eco-environment /
- problem analysis /
- comprehensive countermeasure

HTML全文

图 1 研究区内城市分布

Figure 1. Distribution of cities in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2016—2020年研究区省控及以上断面水质变化情况

Figure 2. Variations of water quality at provincial control sections and above in the study area from 2016 to 2020

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图 3 2017年研究区各城市污染源的污染负荷占比

Figure 3. Pollution load proportion of pollution sources in each city in the study area in 2017

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图 4 2019年研究区各城市建成区排水管道密度

Figure 4. Drainage pipe density of each urban built-up area in the study area in 2019

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图 5 2019年研究区各城市污水处理厂运行负荷率

Figure 5. Operating load rate of wastewater treatment plants in each city in the study area in 2019

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图 6 2019年研究区各城市工业废水排放量

Figure 6. Industrial wastewater discharge of cities in the study area in 2019

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图 7 2019年研究区各城市万元工业产值用水量和城镇公共用水耗水率

Figure 7. Water consumption per 10 000 yuan of industrial output value and urban public water consumption rate in the study area in 2019

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图 8 研究区各城市主要水生态环境问题

Figure 8. Main water eco-environmental problems of the cities in the study areaea

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图 9 研究区内城市水生态环境整治总体思路

Figure 9. General idea of regional urban water eco-environment improvement in the study area

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表 1 研究区内各城市基本概况（2019年数据）

Table 1. Basic overview of the cities in the study area （2019 data)

省份	城市	城镇人口/ 万人	工业产值/ 亿元	建成区面积/km²	年降水量/ mm	省份	城市	城镇人口/ 万人	工业产值/ 亿元	建成区面积/km²	年降水量/ mm
江西	南昌	421	1 893	356	1 368	江西	上饶	365	776	82	1 858
	景德镇	114	371	101	1 652	安徽	合肥	625	1 961	481	696.6
	萍乡	136	356	52	2 052		芜湖	251	1 393	183	977.7
	九江	279	1 360	154	1 214		马鞍山	163	844	100	776.9
	新余	84	379	82	1 746		铜陵	94	375	81	1 096.9
	鹰潭	73	440	50	1 907		安庆	236	861	130	1 149.5
	赣州	452	1 139	190	1 744		滁州	226	1 158	92	611.7
	吉安	260	833	60	1 814		宣城	150	576	63	1 530.8
	宜春	286	1 005	88	1 606		池州	82	304	41	1 380.8
	抚州	208	414	102	1 958

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表 2 2019年研究区各城市水资源状况^[14-16]

Table 2. Water resources status of cities in the study area in 2019

省份	城市	地表水资源量/亿m³	地表水开发利用率/%	人均水资源占有量/m³	省份	城市	地表水资源量/亿m³	地表水开发利用率/%	人均水资源占有量/m³
江西	南昌	70	44.23	1 319	江西	上饶	298	9.97	4 454
	景德镇	56	14.20	3 344	安徽	合肥	21	142.05	263
	萍乡	65	11.43	3 348		芜湖	20	150.85	640
	九江	117	20.46	2 478		马鞍山	8	340.15	443
	新余	42	18.64	3 529		铜陵	12	101.71	849
	鹰潭	53	14.09	4 521		安庆	66	36.38	1 474
	赣州	461	6.96	5 293		滁州	15	137.65	414
	吉安	347	8.92	7 002		池州	51	19.72	3 599
	宜春	230	18.35	4 184		宣城	96	14.56	3 643
	抚州	293	7.71	7 217

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表 3 2017年研究区内城市不同污染源的污染物排放量及占比

Table 3. Pollutant discharge and proportion of different pollution sources in cities in the study area in 2017

污染源	COD		氨氮		总氮		总磷
污染源	排放量/（t/a）	占比/%	排放量/（t/a）	占比/%	排放量/（t/a）	占比/%	排放量/（t/a）	占比/%
工业源	117 138.8	21.79	5 929.3	16.35	12 358.0	18.02	1 177.4	21.55
城镇生活源	342 259.2	63.67	2 9081.4	80.20	51 935.7	75.75	3 951.5	72.33
城市面源	78 171.7	14.54	1 249.7	3.45	4 268.3	6.23	334.1	6.12
合计	537 569.7	100	36 260.4	100	6 8562.0	100	5 463.0	100

下载: 导出CSV

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