全国疾控机构重点寄生虫病防治能力建设现状分析

doi:10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.01.012

中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 83-90.doi: 10.12140/j.issn.1000-7423.2024.01.012

全国疾控机构重点寄生虫病防治能力建设现状分析

郝瑜婉(), 田添, 朱泽林, 陈怡君, 朱慧慧, 王强^*(), 李石柱, 周晓农

中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，科技部国家级热带病国际研究中心，上海 200025

收稿日期:2023-08-09 修回日期:2023-11-06 出版日期:2024-02-28 发布日期:2024-03-12
通讯作者: *王强（1979—），男，硕士，主任技师，从事寄生虫病预防控制。E-mail：wangqiang@nipd.chinacdc.cn
作者简介:郝瑜婉（1986—），女，硕士，副研究员，从事寄生虫病预防控制。E-mail: haoyw@nipd.chinacdc.cn

Current situation of capacity building for key parasitic diseases control in CDCs of China

HAO Yuwan(), TIAN Tian, ZHU Zelin, CHEN Yijun, ZHU Huihui, WANG Qiang^*(), LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong

National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health; WHO Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China

Received:2023-08-09 Revised:2023-11-06 Online:2024-02-28 Published:2024-03-12
Contact: *E-mail: wangqiang@nipd.chinacdc.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解全国疾病预防控制机构（简称疾控机构）重点寄生虫病防治队伍建设现状、技术需求，并提出针对性改进建议。方法采用线上问卷调查方式，对全国省、市、县级疾控机构和寄生虫病/血吸虫病防治机构开展寄生虫病防治专业人员基本情况、实验室检测能力、技术培训及队伍建设需求等调查，使用SPSS 26.0统计学软件进行统计分析。结果共有1 855个省、市、县级疾控机构参与调查，在岗人员共122 282人，其中参与寄生虫病防治工作的人员（简称寄防人员）共计8 943人，占全部在岗人员的7.31%（8 943/122 282）；专职寄防人员4 745人，占寄防人员的53.06%（4 745/8 943）。参与调查的疾控机构中，东部地区高级职称及研究生学历占比（19.92%、13.52%）均高于中部（17.02%、8.29%）和西部（13.88%、8.25%）地区（χ² = 1 063.60、 2 892.89, P < 0.01）；东部地区寄防人员高级职称及研究生学历占比（21.20%、12.51%）也高于中部（15.63%、7.30%）和西部（11.62%、6.57%）地区（χ² = 142.19、314.93，均P < 0.01）。各级疾控机构寄防人员日常工作侧重不同，近一年开展的对下一级寄生虫病防治业务培训2 207次，省级机构平均2.7次，地市级平均1.4次，县级平均1.1次。省、市、县3级分别有12.50%（4/32）、34.02%（83/244）和49.02%（774/1 579）的疾控机构未设有寄生虫病专用实验室。在血吸虫病、棘球蚴病和内脏利什曼病重点流行省（直辖市、自治区），掌握各病种检测能力的机构占比分别为55.90%（398/712）、40.22%（218/542）和14.55%（117/804），均高于非流行省（直辖市、自治区）（29.83%、7.77%、6.95%）（χ² = 124.36、 283.05、 28.67，均P < 0.01）。各级疾控机构对寄生虫病防治工作需求相对集中在人员业务培训（34.61%，642/1 855）、诊断检测技术（12.40%，230/1 855）和经费设备投入（5.44%，101/1 855）等方面。结论全国疾控机构寄生虫病防治能力不平衡，应继续优化寄生虫病防治人员结构、加强业务培训和实验室检测能力建设，为控制和消除寄生虫病提供人才队伍保障。

关键词: 寄生虫病防治, 疾控机构, 专业队伍, 能力建设

Abstract:

Objective To understand the current situation of capacitity building in team development and technical needs and to propose pertinent improvement suggestion for key parasitic disease control in the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) at all levels in China. Methods An on-line questionnaire survey was performed to collect information on the professional staff structure, technique training, laboratory testing capability, and technology needs for parasitic disease control in the CDCs and schistosomioasis control institutions at all levels. The data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software. Results A total of 1 855 (provincial, municipal and county) CDCs participated in the survey. Among 122 282 technicians on duty, 7.31% (8 493/122 282) were responsible for parasitic disease control. A total of 4 745 are full-time, accounting for 53.06% (4 745/8 943) of all staff working on parasite disease control. There were significant differences in the distribution of professional titles and educational levels among employees working in CDCs. Higher proportions of senior professional titles and postgraduate degrees were found in the eastern region (19.92%, 13.52%) than in the central (17.02%, 8.29%) and western region (13.88%, 8.25%) (χ² = 1 063.60, 2 892.89;both P < 0.01). The proportion of senior professional titles and postgraduate education among the personnel involved in parasitic disease prevention and control were also higher in the eastern region (21.20%, 12.51%) compared to the central region (15.63%, 7.30%) and western region (11.62%, 6.57%) (χ² = 142.19, 314.93; both P < 0.01). The daily tasks of disease control agency staff at all levels have varying emphases. During the past year, 2 207 technical trainings were given to subordinate CDCs. On average, each individual at provincial CDCs has taken 2.7 training courses, each individual at city-level CDCs has taken 1.4 training courses, and each individual at county-level CDCs has taken 1.1 training courses. There were 12.50% (4/32) of province-level CDCs, 34.02% (83/244) of city-level CDCs and 49.02% (774/1 579) of county-level CDCs without specific laboratories for parasitic diseases. 55.90% (398/712), 40.22% (218/542) and 14.55% (117/804) of CDCs performed the ability for diagnosis of schistosomiasis, echinococcosis and visceral leishmaniasis in provinces where the disease is endemic, and the proportions were higher than those in non-endemic provinces （29.83%, 7.77%, 6.95%）(χ² = 124.36, 283.05, 28.67; all P < 0.01). In addition, the requirements of CDCs mainly focused on personnel training (34.61%, 642/1 855), diagnosing and testing technology (12.40%, 230/1 855), and financial and equipment inputs (5.44%, 101/1 855). Conclusion The CDCs at all levels in the country show capability imbalance in parasitic disease control. Therefore, it is imperative to continuously optimize personnel structure, strengthen professional training and capacity building for laboratory testing, ensuring adequate personnel support for the control and elimination of parasitic diseases.

Key words: Parasitic disease prevention and control, CDC, Professional contingent, Capacity building

中图分类号:

郝瑜婉, 田添, 朱泽林, 陈怡君, 朱慧慧, 王强, 李石柱, 周晓农. 全国疾控机构重点寄生虫病防治能力建设现状分析[J]. 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志, 2024, 42(1): 83-90.

HAO Yuwan, TIAN Tian, ZHU Zelin, CHEN Yijun, ZHU Huihui, WANG Qiang, LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong. Current situation of capacity building for key parasitic diseases control in CDCs of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 2024, 42(1): 83-90.

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人员分类 Employees category	机构级别 Level of institution	人员数量/人 No. employees	学历占比/% Proportion of educational level/%				职称占比/% Proportion of professional title/%
人员分类 Employees category	机构级别 Level of institution	人员数量/人 No. employees	博士Doctor	硕士Master	本科Undergraduate	大专及其他Junior college student and others	正高High professional title	副高Associate senior title	中级Intermediate professional title	初级Junior professional title	其他Others
疾控机构人员 Employees of the disease control institutions	省级 Province-level	10 265	4.66	36.43	46.20	12.71	13.80	21.97	29.98	21.32	12.93
	地市级 City-level	27 123	1.05	17.97	58.60	22.38	7.46	16.66	27.44	26.88	21.55
	县级 County-level	84 894	0.09	3.44	49.18	47.29	2.63	9.99	23.19	33.91	30.28
寄生虫病防治专职人员Parasitic disease control full-time professionals	省级 Province-level	430	4.88	40.93	42.56	11.63	16.74	26.51	30.00	22.79	3.95
	地市级 City-level	655	0.76	16.64	58.02	24.58	8.85	19.39	27.63	30.69	13.44
	县级 County-level	3 660	0.08	1.99	42.27	55.66	1.26	8.20	24.70	36.01	29.84

机构分类 Level of institution	机构数/个 Number of institutions	主要问题 Major problems			技术需求 Technical requirements
机构分类 Level of institution	机构数/个 Number of institutions	人员不足和培训 Inadequate manpower and training	经费设备等投入不足 Insufficient investment in funds and equipment	实验室检测能力不足 Insufficient laboratory testing capability	业务培训 Technical training	诊断技术 Fault diagnosis	经费设备投入 Funding and equipment investment
省级 Province-level	32	21	12	5	14	9	0
地市级 City-level	244	143	73	37	88	65	10
县级 County-level	1 579	800	309	119	540	156	91
合计 Total	1 855	964	394	161	642	230	101

全国疾控机构重点寄生虫病防治能力建设现状分析

Current situation of capacity building for key parasitic diseases control in CDCs of China

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