-
摘要: 汾渭盆地位于鄂尔多斯地块与秦岭造山带的衔接部位，地理位置十分特殊。作为一个新生代断陷盆地，在周缘及内部一系列断裂带控制下，具有边断、边陷、边沉积的特征，新生代地层厚度逾几千米。本文根据大量野外露头及相关钻井资料，综合岩石学、沉积构造、古生物化石、测井及区域地质资料，系统研究了汾渭盆地古近系—新近系各时期的沉积相特征。结果表明，新生代汾渭盆地发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲、湖泊及风成沉积5种沉积类型。盆地边缘及山前主要发育冲积扇沉积，向盆地中心逐渐过渡为河流、三角洲及湖泊沉积，风成堆积集中分布于盆地边缘。各次级盆地沉积演化具有差异性，除三门峡地区外，汾渭盆地主体自晚始新世开始沉积并持续至渐新世早期；渐新世晚期在经历隆升剥蚀作用后，中新世再次沉降，沉积范围逐渐扩大；至晚中新世，渭河盆地的西安凹陷、固市凹陷两大沉积区以及三门峡—芮城、运城—永济一线均为湖相分布区。上新世湖盆沉积范围达到最大，湖泊广泛分布，盆地边部则大量发育风成沉积。Abstract: Fenwei Basin has a special geographical location for it is situated at the conjunction of Ordos block and Qinling orogenic belt. As a Cenozoic faulted basin which is controlled by a series of fault zones distributed in the peripheral and internal areas, the rifting and sedimentation occurred almost simultaneously in the basin, forming the Cenozoic strata with a thickness of several thousand meters. Based on a large number of field outcrops and some drilling data, especially signal features such as lithology, palaeontology, sedimentary structures, paleontological fossils, as well as logging data and regional geological backgrounds, we study the sedimentary facies of different geological periods of Paleogene-Neogene in Fenwei Basin, and five sedimentary types can be distinguished, i.e., alluvial fan, fluvial, delta, lacustrine and aeolian deposit. More specifically, alluvial fan deposits are mainly developed in the basin margin and front areas of mountains, then gradually change into fluvial, delta, and lacustrine facies toward the lake centre while almost all aeolian deposits are observed at the edge of the basin. Except Sanmenxia area, the main part of Fenwei Basin began to deposit from the Late Eocene to the Early Oligocene. During the Late Oligocene, Fenwei Basin experienced regional uplift and the sedimentation was interrupted. Since then, the basin subsided again and the sedimentary range gradually expanded. Xi'an depression and Gushi depression of Weihe Basin, as well as the Sanmenxia-Ruicheng area and Yuncheng-Yongji area all develop lacustrine facies by the Late Miocene. During the Pliocene, the largest the sedimentary range of the Fenwei Basin was formed, and lake was widely distributed in the centre of the area, and aeolian deposits began to be sedimented at the edge of the basin.
-
Key words:
- Fenwei Basin /
- Paleogene /
- Neogene /
- Sedimentary facies /
- Depositional evolution
-
-
安芷生, 孙东怀, 陈明扬等. 2000.黄土高原红粘土序列与晚第三纪的气候事件.第四纪研究, 20(5):435-446.
An Zhisheng, Sun Donghuai, Chen Mingyang et al. 2000. Red clay sequences in Chinese Loess Plateau and recorded paleoclimate events of the Late Tertiary. Quaternary Science, 20(5):435-446.
褚娜娜. 2007.汾渭盆地1. 2 Ma以来的环境变化与沙漠化过程(硕士学位论文).兰州:兰州大学. 1-63.
Chu Nana. 2007. The Environmental Changes and the Land Desertification of Fenwei Basin over the Past 1. 2 Ma (Master's Thesis). Lanzhou:Lanzhou University. 1-63.
韩恒悦, 贺明静, 李永善. 1987.渭河盆地东部地区的活断层.地震地质, 9(2):85-90.
Han Hengyue, He Mingjing and Li Yongshan. 1987. The active faults in the eastern of the Weihe Basin. Seismology and Geology, 9(2):85-90.
韩恒悦, 米丰收, 刘海云. 2001.渭河盆地带地貌结构与新构造运动.地震研究, 24(3):251-257.
Han Hengyue, Mi Fengshou and Liu Yunhai. 2001. Geomorpgological structure in the Weihe Basin and Neotectonic Movement. Journal of Seismological Research, 24(3):251-257.
韩恒悦, 张逸, 袁志祥. 2002.渭河断陷盆地带的形成演化及断块运动.地震研究, 25(4):362-368.
Han Hengyue, Zhang Yi and Yuan Zhixiang. 2002. The evolution of Weihe down-faulted basin and the movement of the fault blocks. Journal of Seismological Research, 25(4):362-368.
计宏祥. 1974.陕西蓝田涝池河晚更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物与古人类, 12(3):222-230.
Ji Hongxiang. 1974. Late Pleistocene mammals from Lantian, Shensi. Vertebrate Palasiatica, 12(3):222-230.
计宏祥. 1976.陕西蓝田涝池河中更新世哺乳动物化石.古脊椎动物与古人类, 14(1):59-66.
Ji Hongxiang. 1976. The Middle Pleistocene mammalian fossils of Laochihe, Lantian District, Shaanxi. Vertebrate Palasiatica, 14(1):59-66.
贾兰坡, 张玉萍, 黄万波等. 1966.陕西蓝田新生界现场会议论文集.北京:科学出版社. 1-311.
Jia Lanpo, Zhang Yuping, Huang Wanbo et al. 1966. Neogene of Lantian, Shaanxi Province. Beijing:Science Press. 1-311.
李玉宏, 王行运, 韩伟. 2016.陕西渭河盆地氦气资源赋存状态及其意义.地质通报, 35(2-3):372-378.
Li Yuhong, Wang Xingyun and Han Wei. 2016. Mode of occurrence of helium in Weihe Basin, Shaanxi Province and its significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 35(2-3):372-378.
李玉宏, 李文厚, 张倩等. 2020.鄂尔多斯盆地及周缘沉积相图册.北京:地质出版社. 130-145.
Li Yuhong, Li Wenhou, Zhang Qian et al. 2020. Atlas of Sedimentary Facies in Ordos Basin and Its Surrounding Areas. Beijing:Geological Publishing House. 130-145.
李智超, 李文厚, 李永项等. 2015.渭河盆地新生代沉积相研究.古地理学报, 17(4):529-540.
Li Zhichao, Li Wenhou, Li Yongxiang et al. 2015. Sedimentary facies of the Cenozoic in Weihe Basin. Journal of Palaeogeography, 17(4):529-540.
李智超, 李文厚, 李永项等. 2016.陕西渭河地区新生代地层及沉积环境演化.地层学杂志, 40(2):168-178.
Li Zhichao, Li Wenhou, Li Yongxiang et al. 2016. Cenozoic stratigraphy and Paleoenvironments in the Weihe area, Shaanxi Province. Journal of Stratigraphy, 40(2):168-178.
李智超. 2017.渭河盆地新生代岩相古地理及环境演化(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.
Li Zhichao. 2017. The Lithofacies Paleogeography and Paleoenvironmental Evolution of the Cenozoic in the Weihe Basin, China (PhD Thesis). Xi'an:Northwest University.
刘池洋, 赵红格, 桂小军等. 2006.鄂尔多斯盆地演化-改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应.地质学报, 80(5):617-638.
Liu Chiyang, Zhao Hongge, Gui Xiaojun et al. 2016. Space time coordinate of the evolution and reformation and mineralization and reformation and mineralization response in Ordos Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 80(5):617-638.
刘东生, 丁梦麟, 高福清. 1960.西安蓝田间新生界地层剖面.地质科学, 3(4):199-208.
Liu Dongsheng, Ding Menglin and Gao Fuqing. 1964. Cenozoic stratigraphic sections between Xi'an and Lantian. Chinese Journal of Geology (Scientia Geologica Sinica), 3(4):199-208.
刘东生. 1985.黄土与环境.北京:科学出版社. 1-251.
Liu Tungsheng. 1985. Loess and the Environment. Beijing:Science Press. 1-251.
刘护军. 2004.渭河盆地的形成演化与东秦岭的隆升(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.
Liu Hujun. 2004. Formation and Evolution of the Weihe River Basin and Uplift of the Eastern Qinling Mountains (PhD Thesis). Xi'an:Northwest University.
刘护军, 薛祥煦. 2004.对渭河盆地新生界年代的讨论.地球科学与环境学报, 26(4):1-5.
Liu Hujun and Xue Xiangxu. 2004. Discussion on the Cenozoic and its chronology in the Weihe River Basin. Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment, 226(4):1-5.
刘林, 芮会超. 2018.渭河盆地结构特征及演化研究.地质力学学报, 24(1):60-69.
Liu Lin and Rui Huichao. 2018. Exploration on structural characteristics of the Weihe Basin and its evolution. Journal of Geomechanics, 24(1):60-69.
卢进才, 魏仙样, 李玉宏等. 2005.汾渭盆地富氦天然气成因及成藏条件初探.西北地质, 38(3):82-86.
Lu Jincai, Wei Xianxiang, Li Yuhong et al. 2005. Preliminary study about genesis and pool formation conditions of rich-helium type natural gas. Northwestern Geology, 38(3):82-86.
陕西省地质矿产局石油普查队. 1974.对汾渭盆地基底性质的探讨.西北地质, (4):38-42.
Petroleum Survey Team of Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1974. Discussion on the basement properties of Fenwei Basin. Northwestern Geology, (4):38-42.
陕西省地质矿产局. 1989.陕西省区域地质志.北京:地质出版社.
Shaanxi Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1989. Regional Geology of Shaanxi Province. Beijing:Geological Publishing House.
王景明. 1986.论汾渭裂谷.西安地质学院学报, 8(3):36-49.
Wang Jingming. 1986. On Fenwei rift valley. Journal of Xi'an Institute of Geology, 8(3):36-49.
汪品先, 王乃文, 鲍金松. 1982汾渭盆地新生代有孔虫的发现及意义.地质论评, 28(2):93-100.
Wang Pinxian, Wang Naiwen and Bao Jinsong. 1982. Discovery of the Cenozoic foraminiferal in the Fen-Wei Basin and its significance. Geological Review, 28(2):93-100.
王斌, 郑洪波, 王平等. 2013.渭河盆地新生代地层与沉积演化研究:现状和问题.地球科学进展, 28(10):1126-1135.
Wang Bin, Zheng Hongbo, Wang Ping et al. 2013. The Cenozoic strata and depositional evolution of Weihe Basin progresses and problems. Advances in Earth Science, 28(10):1126-1135.
王斌. 2014.渭河盆地新生代沉积演化盆山耦合与风尘沉积(博士学位论文).南京:南京大学.
Wang Bin. 2014. Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of the Weihe Basin:Basin-Orogen Coupling and Eolian Sediments (PhD Thesis). Nanjing:Nanjing University.
王存诚. 1965.论渭河地堑.地质学报, 45(2):153-164.
Wang Cuncheng. 1965. On the Weihe graben. Acta Geologica Sinica, 45(2):153-164.
王建强. 2010.鄂尔多斯盆地南部中新生代演化-改造及盆山耦合关系(博士学位论文).西安:西北大学.
Wang Jianqiang. 2010. Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin of Evolution-Reforming and Basin-Mountain Couping in Southern Ordos Basin (PhD Thesis). Xi'an:Northwest University.
王建强, 刘池洋, 高飞等. 2015.陕西渭河盆地前新生界地质特征及其油气意义.地质通报, 34 (10):1981-1991.
Wang Jianqiang, Liu Chiyang, Gao Fei et al. 2015. Pre-Cenozoic geological characteristics and oil-gas significance in Weihe Basin, Shaanxi Province. Geological Bulletin of China, 34 (10):1981-1991.
王小莉, 潘保田, 王均平. 2006.汾渭盆地 250kaBP以来黄土粒度记录的环境信息.兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 42 (6):6-11.
Wang Xiaoli, Pan Baotian and Wang Junping. 2006. The environment information recorded on the grain size of loess in Fenwei river basin since 250 ka. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 42 (6):6-11.
夏勇. 2007.渭河盆地新生代沉积特征及与构造的关系(硕士学位论文).西安:长安大学.
Xia Yong. 2007. The Sedimentary Characteristic of Cenozoic in Weihe Basin and Its Relationship with Tectonics (Master's Thesis). Xi'an:Chang'an University.
邢作云, 赵斌, 涂美义等. 2005.渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究.地学前缘, 12 (2):247-262.
Xing Zuoyun, Zhao Bin, Tu Meiyi et al. 2005. The formation of the Fenwei rift valley. Earth Science Frontiers, 12(2):247-262.
薛祥煦. 1981.陕西渭南-早更新世哺乳动物群及其层位.古脊椎动物与古人类, 19 (1):35-44.
Xue Xiangxu. 1981. An Early Pleistocene mammalian fauna and its stratigraphy of the river You, Weinan, Shensi. Vertebrata Palasiatica, 19 (1):35-44.
薛祥煦. 1991.对陈家窝子、公王岭蓝田猿人的分类及地质时代问题的探讨.西北大学学报 (自然科学版), 21 (2):65-76.
Xue Xiangxu. 1991. Discussion on the taxonomy and geologic age of homo erectus Lantianensis from Chenjiawo and Gongwangling. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 21 (2):65-76.
易明初. 1993.渭河地堑盆地新构造运动及其基本特征.中国地质科学院院报, (27-28):27-41.
Yi Mingchu. 1993. The Neotectonic Movement and its basic characteristics in the Weihe Graben Basin. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, (27-28):27-41.
岳乐平. 1989.兰田段家坡黄土剖面磁性地层学研究.地质论评, 35 (5):79-488.
Yue Leping. 1989. Magnetostratigraphical study of the loess section at Duanjiapo, Lantian, Shaanxi. Geological Review, 35(5):79-488.
岳乐平, 薛祥煦. 1996.中国黄土古地磁学.北京:地质出版社. 1-136.
Yue Leping and Xue Xiangxu. 1996. Palaeomagnetism of Chinese Loess. Beijing:Geological Publishing House. 1-136.
张伯声. 1964.在块断构造的基础上说明秦岭两侧河流的发育.地质学报, 44 (4):405-417.
Zhang Bosheng. 1964. The bearing of block faulting to stream development on both sides of the Qinling ranges. Acta Geologica Sinica, 44 (4):405-417.
张伯声, 王战. 1982. "汾渭地堑"的发展及其地震活动性.长安大学学报(地球科学版), (1):24-30.
Zhang Bosheng and Wang Zhan. 1982. The development of "Fenwei graben" and its seismicity. Journal of Chang'an University (Earth Science Edition), (1):24-30.
张福礼, 孙启邦, 王行运等. 2012.渭河盆地水溶氦气资源评价.地质力学学报, 18 (2):195-202.
Zhang Fuli, Sun Qibang, Wang Xingyun et al. 2012. Evolution of water soluble helium resources in Weihe Basin. Journal of Geomechanics, 18 (2):195-202.
张宏卫, 邓起东. 1992.不对称盆地形成机制探讨——以渭河盆地为例.中国地震, 8 (1):26-35.
Zhang Hongwei and Deng Qidong. 1992. A study on the mechanism of the asymmetry basin:A case of the Weihe Basin. Earthquake Research in China, 8 (1):26-35.
张梦婷. 2018.渭河盆地及周缘上古生界残留地层特征及岩相古地理研究(硕士学位论文).西安:西北大学.
Zhang Mengting. 2018. The Characteristics of Residual Strata and Lithofacies Palaeogeography of Upper Paleozoic in Weihe Basin and Its Adjacent Region (Master's Thesis). Xi'an:Northwest University.
张世民. 2000.汾渭地堑系盆地发育进程的差异及其控震作用.地质力学学报, 6 (2):30-37.
Zhang Shimin. 2000. Basin revolutionary differences and seismotectonics of Fenwei graben system. Journal of Geomechanics, 6 (2):30-37.
张玉萍, 黄万波, 汤英俊等. 1964.陕西蓝田新生界的初步观察.古脊椎动物与古人类, 8 (2):134-151.
Zhang Yuping, Huang Wanbo, Tang Yingjun et al. 1964. The primary observation of Cainozoic in Lantian, Shaanxi. Vertebrate Palasiatica, 8 (2):134-151.
张玉萍, 黄万波, 汤英俊等. 1978.陕西蓝田地区新生界.北京:科学出版社. 1-70.
Zhang Yuping, Huang Wanbo, Tang Yingjun, et al. 1978. Cenozoic of the Lantian Area, Shaanxi. Beijing:Science Press. 1-70
An Z S, Kukla G, Porter S et al. 1991. Magnetic susceptibility evidence of monsoon variation on the Loess Plateau of central China during the last 130, 000 years. Quaternary Research, 36 (1):29-36.
Kaakinen A and Lunkka J. 2003. Sedimentation of the Late Miocene Bahe Formation and its implications for stable environments adjacent to Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 22 (1):67-78.
Kaakinen A. 2005. A Long Terrestrial Sequence in Lantian:A Window into the Late Neogene Palaeoenvironments of Northern China. Helsinki:University of Helsinki. 1-49.
Liu J H, Zhang P Z, Lease R O et al. 2013. Eocene onset and late Miocene acceleration of Cenozoic intracontinental extension in the North Qinling range-Weihe Graben:Insights from apatite fission track thermochronology. Tectonophysics, 584:281-296.
Mattauer M, Matte P, Malavieille J et al. 1985. Tectonics of the Qinling belt:Build-up and evolution of eastern Asia. Nature, 317:496-500.
Peltzer G, Tapponnier P, Zhang Z et al. 1985. Neogene and Quaternary faulting in and along the Qinling Shan. Nature, 317:500-505.
Wang J M. 1987. The Fenwei rift and its recent periodic activity. Tectonophysics, 133 (3-4):257-275.
-
计量
- 文章访问数: 2930
- PDF下载数: 326
- 施引文献: 0
下载: