山西娘子关泉群及其水的来源

唐春雷; 梁永平; 晋华; 申豪勇; 赵春红; 王志恒; 谢浩; 赵一; 王士娜

doi:10.11932/karst20220201

山西娘子关泉群及其水的来源

doi: 10.11932/karst20220201

唐春雷^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
梁永平^{2, 3, 4},
晋华^1, ,,
申豪勇^{2, 3, 4},
赵春红^{2, 3, 4},
王志恒^{2, 3, 4},
谢浩^{2, 3, 4},
赵一^{2, 3, 4},
王士娜⁵

1.
太原理工大学，山西太原 030024
2.
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室，广西桂林 541004
3.
联合国教科文组织国际岩溶研究中心，广西桂林 541004
4.
广西岩溶资源环境工程技术研究中心，广西桂林 541004
5.
河北省地质矿产开发局国土资源勘查中心，河北石家庄 050081

基金项目: 广西自然科学基金面上项目（2021GXNSFAA220071）；国家自然科学基金项目(41672253)；中国地质调查项目(DD20221758, DD20190334)；中国地质科学院基本科研项目(2020010)

详细信息

作者简介:
唐春雷（1984－），男，副研究员，研究方向：岩溶水文地球化学、岩溶生态环境修复。E-mail：yourfriendtcl@163.com

通讯作者:
晋华（1969－），女，教授，博士生导师，研究方向：水文水资源、矿山环境地质。E-mail：jinhua@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-06
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-28

Niangziguan spring group in Shanxi Province and its water source

TANG Chunlei^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
LIANG Yongping^{2, 3, 4},
JIN Hua^{1
, ,},
SHEN Haoyong^{2, 3, 4},
ZHAO Chunhong^{2, 3, 4},
WANG Zhiheng^{2, 3, 4},
XIE Hao^{2, 3, 4},
ZHAO Yi^{2, 3, 4},
WANG Shina⁵

1.
Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China
2.
Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS/ Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & GZAR, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
3.
International Research Center on Karst under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
4.
Guangxi Karst Resources and Environment Research Center of Engineering Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
5.
Land and Resources Exploration Center of Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050081, China

摘要

摘要: 娘子关泉域群泉是中国北方最大的岩溶泉，泉域汇水面积达7 436 km²，前人认为：泉域内岩溶水由北、西、南3面向娘子关一带径流汇集，由于娘子关一带下奥陶系燧石团块或条带白云岩相对隔水层隆起，并被桃河侵蚀出露，使岩溶地下水溢出地表成泉群，其主要含水层为中奥陶系含石膏碳酸盐岩。但各泉的水化学、同位素特征有差异，娘子关泉群并不是出自统一源。文章通过水化学、同位素、水文地质剖面等方法研究得出：娘子关泉域存在两个含水层、三个子系统：中奥陶系灰岩含水层和中上寒武系白云岩含水层；西部奥陶系岩溶水系统、东部奥陶系岩溶水系统和东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。泉域内城西泉与程家泉出露于中奥陶系下马家沟组泥灰岩之上，含水层为中奥陶系灰岩裂隙、溶隙水，由于区域下马家沟组泥灰岩隆起隔水出露地表成泉，属于东部奥陶系岩溶水系统；坡底泉、五龙泉、河北泉、水帘洞泉、苇泽关泉其补给主要来源于中上寒武系含水岩组，为承压上升泉，属于东部中上寒武系岩溶水系统。
- 娘子关泉群 /
- 水文地质剖面 /
- 地球化学 /
- 稳定同位素 /
- 地下水调查工程
Abstract: As a main natural discharge point of karst groundwater, Niangziguan spring group consists of 11 springs and is located in Niangziguan town, Yangquan City, Shanxi Province. It is distributed on the floodplain and terrace of the Taohe river, the Wenhe river and the Mianhe river, with an exposed elevation of 360 m to 392 m. Among these springs, Chengjia spring is the highest and Jinqu spring is the lowest. The annual average flow of spring group is 9.48 m³·s⁻¹ and the flow differences of springs are large, among which the difference of Wulong spring is the largest. Niangziguan spring group is the largest karst spring in northern China, with a catchment area of 7,436 km². Previous studies believe that karst water in the spring area flows from north, west and south to Niangziguan area, and the chert mass or strip dolomite of lower Ordovicianin Niangziguan area relatively rises to the aquifuge, and is eroded and exposed by the Taohe River, which makes the karst groundwater overflow to the surface and form a spring group. The main aquifer is made up of gypsum-bearing carbonate rock of middle Ordovician. However, because Niangziguan springs are not from the same source, their hydrochemistry and isotope are different. Therefore, it is necessary to study the source of Niangziguan spring group. This study is conducted with the methods of hydrochemistry, isotope and hydrogeological section, and is concluded that there are two aquifers and three subsystems in Niangziguan spring area. The aquifer consists of middle Ordovician limestone aquifer and middle upper Cambrian dolomite one. Subsystem distribution is comprised of Ordovician karst water system in the west, and Ordovician karst water system and middle upper Cambrian karst water system both in the East. Chengxi spring and Chengjia spring are exposed on the marl of lower Majiagou formation of middle Ordovician, and their aquifers consist of fissure and fissure water of Middle Ordovician limestone. Because the marl of lower Majiagou formation is uplifted in this region, the surface spring-the eastern Ordovician karst water system-is formed. Mainly supplied by the water-bearing formation of middle upper Cambrian, Podi spring, Wulong spring, Shibanmo spring, Shuiliandong spring and Weizeguan spring are pressure-bearing ascending springs and belong to the middle upper Cambrian karst water system in the east.
- Niangziguan spring group /
- hydrogeological profile /
- geochemistry /
- stable isotope /
- groundwater investigation project

HTML

图 1 娘子关泉域排泄区泉群分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of springs in discharge area of Niangziguan spring field

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图 2 娘子关泉流域水文地质图

Figure 2. Hydrogeological map of Niangziguan spring area

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图 3 岩溶地下水的Piper图

Figure 3. Piper diagram of ionic concentration in karst groundwater

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图 4 岩溶泉水Sr²⁺ 与Ca²⁺的关系

Figure 4. Relationship between Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺in karst spring water

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图 5 岩溶地下水δ³⁴S 与${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $关系

Figure 5. Relationship between δ ³⁴S and ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ in karst groundwater

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图 6 岩溶地下水δD与δ¹⁸O关系

Figure 6. Relationship between δD and δ¹⁸O in karst groundwater

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图 7 娘子泉域水文地质剖面图

Figure 7. Hydrogeological section of Niangziguan spring area

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表 1 岩溶地下水水化学特征

Table 1. Hydrochemical characteristics of karst groundwater

编号	类型	pH	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	K⁺	Na⁺	Cl⁻	${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $	$ {\rm{HCO}}_3^{-}$	Sr	δD	δ¹⁸O	³⁴S	水化学类型
编号	类型	pH	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/mg·L⁻¹	/‰	/‰	/‰	水化学类型
N01	左权石港村	7.70	98.7	24.6	1.5	11.7	11.1	127.2	244.5	0.86	−68.0	−9.2	18.2	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N02	昔阳大寨水源地岩溶井	7.55	75.8	18.9	1.2	6.6	9.0	44.9	262.0	0.38	−74.6	−10.2	7.2	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
N03	寿阳岩溶井	7.21	123.7	40.9	1.5	14.1	8.2	284.4	240.6	2.96	−73.1	−10.2	23.1	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N04	小河村斜井岩溶井	7.24	235.0	45.7	4.9	124.2	111.1	596.0	320.2	1.17	−61.3	−8.2	4.7	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
N05	盂县岩溶井	7.36	291.6	44.4	1.6	95.0	34.9	744.7	359.0	1.26	−67.3	−9.1	18.1	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca
N06	温池水源地岩溶井	7.60	90.6	22.6	0.9	9.6	12.2	90.4	277.5	0.63	−70.0	−9.6	8.5	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N07	河底镇岩溶井	7.08	312.5	85.2	2.0	31.0	40.2	816.5	293.0	1.89	−65.5	−8.8	12.8	SO₄-Ca·Mg
N08	神子山岩溶井	7.56	82.3	25.0	1.3	11.7	12.3	68.8	262.9	0.54	−70.5	−9.5	3.7	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
N09	程家泉岩溶井	7.28	165.5	45.1	6.5	128.9	125.7	405.8	291.1	0.79	−62.2	−8.2	5.3	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Na
N10	坡底泉	7.35	135.2	41.8	2.1	42.9	55.7	271.8	263.9	2.14	−71.6	−9.5	15.5	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N11	城西泉	7.40	112.1	34.8	2.1	39.5	48.0	185.6	260.0	1.59	−67.1	−9.1	9.2	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N12	五龙泉	7.36	131.4	39.7	2.1	42.1	55.7	251.7	263.9	1.97	−69.3	−9.4	16.7	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N13	河北泉	7.32	134.1	41.2	2.1	43.1	57.7	262.0	267.8	2.10	−69.9	−9.4	17.4	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N14	苇泽关泉	7.19	134.5	42.2	2.1	44.6	57.8	268.2	265.8	2.09	−70.5	−9.6	17.8	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N15	水帘洞泉	7.31	135.0	42.0	2.1	44.5	57.9	267.3	265.8	2.10	−70.1	−9.5	17.4	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N16	禁区泉	7.47	134.5	42.3	2.1	44.2	58.0	266.6	263.9	2.12	−70.6	−9.5	17.5	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
N17	滚泉	7.44	134.2	42.2	2.1	44.0	58.2	269.9	262.0	2.07	−70.4	−9.6	16.7	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg

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