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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (14): 7-12.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110133

所属专题： 农业气象

• 畜牧 动物医学 蚕 蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱胁迫对3个苜蓿品种的生长及光合特性的影响

阿衣古力·阿布都瓦依提1,王 铮2,木合塔尔·扎热3,齐曼·尤努斯1   

  1. (1新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052；2北京市农林科学院畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100097；3新疆林业科学院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐 830063 ）
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-26 修回日期:2016-01-11 接受日期:2016-01-22 出版日期:2016-05-17 发布日期:2016-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 齐曼·尤努斯
  • 基金资助:
    草业国家重点学科；北京市农委农业模式及其配套技术示范推广“和田大叶苜蓿的引种和沙化土地治理与改良”(20070616)。

Effect of Drought Stress on Plant Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Alfalfa Varieties

Aygul Abduwayit1, Wang Zheng 2, Muhtar Zari3, Qiman Yunus1   

  1. (1College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052; 2Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097; 3Institute of Economic Forest, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830063)
  • Received:2015-11-26 Revised:2016-01-11 Accepted:2016-01-22 Online:2016-05-17 Published:2016-05-17

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摘要： 为给干旱区苜蓿产业的科学发展提供理论依据，以‘陇东’、‘大叶’和‘阿尔冈金’苜蓿作为材料，采用盆栽控水试验，研究了不同土壤干旱胁迫条件下3个苜蓿品种的总生物量、根冠比、干物质积累率、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度以及叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量等指标的变化。结果表明：随着土壤相对含水量的减少，3个苜蓿品种的净光合速率逐渐下降，其中‘阿尔冈金’苜蓿始终保持比其他2个苜蓿品种较高的净光合速率，表现出较好的潜在光合能力；3个品种植株总生物量有不同的减少趋势，其中‘大叶’苜蓿在土壤相对含水量为50%~55%条件下总生物量的减少幅度较小，仍保持较高的生物量；根冠比和干物质积累率逐渐上升，‘陇东’苜蓿和‘阿尔冈金’苜蓿的增大幅度极显著；‘大叶’苜蓿的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量和Chla/Chlb比值随着干旱胁迫的加大而增高。就生物量而言，‘大叶’苜蓿的生物产量最多；就抗旱性而言，‘阿尔冈金’苜蓿的抗旱性最强。

关键词: 古浪县, 古浪县, 生态足迹, 变化速率, 剪刀差, 可持续发展

Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific development of alfalfa industry in arid area, three alfalfa varieties, ‘Longdong’, ‘Daye’ and ‘Argangjin’ were used as test materials. Biomass, root-crown ratio, the percentage of dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, and the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were tested under different drought stresses by pot-cultivation experiment. The results showed that with the decrease of relative soil water content, net photosynthetic rate of three alfalfa varieties decreased slowly, ‘Argangjin’ could maintain a relatively higher net photosynthetic rate than ‘Longdong’ and ‘Daye’, and expressed better potential photosynthetic capacity. The total biomass of the three alfalfa varieties reduced, the decrease extent of ‘Daye’ was the lowest, and it still maintained relatively higher total biomass. Root-crown ratio and the percentage of dry matter accumulation of ‘Longdong’ and ‘Argangjin’ increased with the decrease of relative soil water content, and were extremely and significantly higher than that of ‘Daye’. Along with the increasing degree of drought stress, the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid and the Chla/Chlb value of ‘Daye’ increased. In conclusion, ‘Daye’ has the highest biomass, while ‘Argangjin’ has the strongest drought resistance.