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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 210-216.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14100069

所属专题： 水稻

• 生物技术科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

稻田土壤中抑草真菌的筛选与鉴定

张 奇,梁友谊,胡文文,李家玉,杨 特,林晓丹,何海斌   

  1. (福建农林大学生命科学学院/农业生态研究所,福州 350002）
  • 收稿日期:2014-10-20 修回日期:2015-04-03 接受日期:2014-12-26 出版日期:2015-05-06 发布日期:2015-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 何海斌
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“化感水稻抑草圈形成的土壤微生物变化与调控机制研究(31070447)”；“稗草根系分泌物中水稻化感作用诱导成分分析及其诱导机理研究”(31370380)；国家大学生创新训练计划项目“抑草微生物筛选、抑草物质分析及其抑草能力改造”(201210389007)；福建省自然科学基金“化感水稻抑草圈形成的物质基础”(2012J01077)。

Screening and Identification of Herbicidal Fungi from Paddy Soil

Zhang Qi, Liang Youyi, Hu Wenwen, Li Jiayu, Yang Te, Lin Xiaodan, He Haibin   

  1. (School of Life Sciences/Agroecological Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002)
  • Received:2014-10-20 Revised:2015-04-03 Accepted:2014-12-26 Online:2015-05-06 Published:2015-05-06

摘要： 以稻田土壤为材料，采用稀释涂布法，结合生物抑草活性测试跟踪，筛选分离抑草真菌微生物。结果表明：从稻田土壤中筛选到32个菌株，其中11个菌株对莴苣根长和株高的抑制率高于50%，这11个菌株中有5个对稗草株高的抑制率高于40%，而对水稻具有抑制作用的有3株，没有抑制作用的2株。8号菌株因对稗草具有较好抑制率而对水稻没有影响，作为目标菌株，开展了其生长特性研究。形态和分子生物学鉴定表明8号菌株属于曲霉属。该菌株的最优培养条件为以蔗糖为碳源，以酵母浸膏或蛋白胨为氮源，最适温度30℃，最适pH 6。8号菌株的菌液含蛋白质5.14 mg/L，总酚酸5.59 mg/L，可溶性糖448.12 mg/L，总黄酮为2.39 mg/L。8号菌株可开发利用为微生物除草剂应用于稻田除草。

关键词: 休闲农业, 休闲农业, 直接主体模式, 间接主体模式

Abstract: Using paddy soil as test material, the author screened and separated herbicidal fungi with the method of plate dilution combined with bioassay of target plants. The results showed that 11 out of 32 strains had higher inhibitory rates (>50%) on the root length and plant height of lettuce. 5 out of the 11 strains had higher inhibitory rates (>40%) on the plant height of barnyard grass, however, 3 strains had inhibition and 2 strains had no inhibition on rice growth by bioassay. The strain No.8, which had higher inhibition on growth of barnyard grass but was harmless on rice, was selected for study of the growth curve. The strain No.8 was identified as fungus Aspergillus by form and molecular biological identification. The optimization of cultivation conditions for the strain No.8 were using sucrose as carbon source, yeast extract or peptone as protein source and at 30℃, pH 6. The ferments of strain No.8 contained 5.14 mg/L proteins, 5.59 mg/L phenolic compounds, 448.12 mg/L soluble sugar and 2.39 mg/L flavonoids. The results demonstrated that the strain No.8 could be used in paddy field weeding.