Review of Preparation Methods for Potassium Sodium Niobate Lead-free Piezoelectric Ceramics
LI Xuewu1, ZHOU Longlong1,2, HUANG Yanfei2, GUO Weiling2, XING Zhiguo2, WANG Haidou3, HU Shuaibang1
1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710000, China 2 National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing, Army Armored Forces Institute, Beijing 100072, China 3 National Engineering Research Center for Remanufacturing, Army Armored Forces Institute, Beijing 100072, China
Abstract: Piezoelectric ceramics are a class of functional ceramics that can facilitate the conversion between force and electricity. Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in biomedical applications, sensors, ultrasonic motors and a variety of other fields. As they are lead-free, the volatilization of lead during the preparation process can be avoided, making them environment-friendly. This aspect made piezoelectric ceramics the research focus at home and abroad. Potassium sodium niobate ceramic is a typical lead-free piezoelectric ceramic with highly favorable electrical properties. However, the electrical properties are affected by the preparation technology and process. Solid-state sintering is the most mature technology for the preparation of potassium sodium niobate ceramics. The preparation of potassium sodium niobate ceramic includes threemain steps, namely, powder synthesis, compression molding, and sintering forming. The results indicate that a powder template with highly textured potassium sodium niobate ceramic can be prepared by the powder synthesis process, however, these components are not homogenous and are comprised of different degrees of soft and hard agglomerations. A simple ceramic blank can be prepared by pressing, but the quality is affected by the mold and auxiliary tool characteristics, low precision, simple structure, and secondary processing. The method is not suitable for mass production. In addition, the element volatilization caused by the high temperature in the sintering process cannot be avoided. Hence, in-depth studies on the low-temperature sintering and reduction of volatilization of sodium and potassium are highly relevant for the effective excellent preparation of potassium sodium niobate ceramics. In this paper, the state of the art of solid-state sintering technology for preparing potassium sodium niobate ceramics is presented. The three fabrication steps, namely, powder synthesis, compression molding, and sintering forming are also systematically discussed. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of this process, the influence mechanism of powder synthesis characteristics on the microstructural and electrical properties of potassium sodium niobate ceramics has also been discussed. This paper offers guidance for the preparation of potassium sodium niobate ceramics with highly favorable electrical properties, and also for their application in medicine and industry.
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2023, Vol. 37 
