欢迎访问《草业学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

草业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 86-97.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2023303

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

发酵床对哺乳期湖羔羊生长、消化以及血液理化特性的影响

苏东遥1(), 李永亮1, 董晴1, 赵心念1, 李晓宇1, 金晓东2, 王亚男2, 田树军1, 高玉红1(), 孙新胜3()   

  1. 1.河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北 保定 071000
    2.承德市农业农村局执法大队,河北 承德 067000
    3.河北农业大学信息与技术学院,河北 保定 071000
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29 修回日期:2023-11-20 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-05-13
  • 通讯作者: 高玉红,孙新胜
  • 作者简介:E-mail: 2002444908@sohu.com
    E-mail: gyhsxs0209@126.com
    苏东遥(2000-),男,河北辛集人,在读硕士。E-mail: sdy000605@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划(22326603D);河北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(ZD2021323)

Effects of a fermentation bed on the growth, digestion, and blood physiological and biochemical indices of suckling Hu lambs

Dong-yao SU1(), Yong-liang LI1, Qing DONG1, Xin-nian ZHAO1, Xiao-yu LI1, Xiao-dong JIN2, Ya-nan WANG2, Shu-jun TIAN1, Yu-hong GAO1(), Xin-sheng SUN3()   

  1. 1.College of Animal Science and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China
    2.Law Enforcement Brigade of Chengde Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Chengde 067000,China
    3.College of Information and Technology,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071000,China
  • Received:2023-08-29 Revised:2023-11-20 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-05-13
  • Contact: Yu-hong GAO,Xin-sheng SUN

摘要:

针对目前养羊业中羔羊哺乳期腹泻和死亡高发的瓶颈难题,本试验将素土地面改造成发酵床,通过检测不同季节(冷季、温季和热季)发酵床的温度以及哺乳期羔羊腹泻率、生长、消化、血液理化等指标,研究羔羊哺乳初期采用发酵床饲养的效果。每个季节选择连续3批新产双羔的湖母羊(30只·批-1)及随母哺乳的羔羊,随机分到两栋建筑结构完全相同的羔羊舍,其中一栋舍采用发酵床(锯末∶稻壳=7∶3),另一栋舍为传统的素土地面,单栏饲养,饲养7 d后将所有羊转入半开放舍(素土地面)继续饲养至断奶(60 d)。结果表明:1)各季节发酵床表层温度均显著高于素土地面(P<0.05),尤其冷季,各时段分别较素土地面提高1.80(早)、0.97(午)和1.09 ℃(晚)。2)冷季和温季的各试验期(60 d)发酵床组羔羊的腹泻率均显著低于素土地面组(P<0.05),分别降低19.99%和28.09%,且羔羊日增重(ADG)分别提高15.04%和7.88%,但热季期两组羔羊的腹泻率和ADG差异均不显著(P>0.05)。3)冷季期羔羊出生7 d内采用发酵床饲养显著提高了羔羊断奶期的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和钙表观消化率(P<0.05),而热季期各种养分的表观消化率两组间均未达到显著差异(P>0.05)。4)从血液理化指标上,冷季期发酵床组羔羊的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、白蛋白、球蛋白含量以及全血中淋巴细胞百分比均显著高于素土地面组(P<0.05),温季期发酵床组的GLU含量也显著高于素土地面组(P<0.05),而热季期各项理想指标两组均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。可见,出生一周内的哺乳羔羊在冷季和温季采用发酵床饲养模式可有效改善羔羊的生长和消化性能。

关键词: 发酵床, 羔羊, 生长性能, 血液理化特性

Abstract:

At present, there is a high incidence of diarrhea and death in suckling lambs in the sheep industry. During the suckling period, the lambs and ewes are usually kept in farm sheds with an exposed soil floor. In this study, the soil floor was reformed into a fermentation bed, to determine whether this affected the health of lambs during the early suckling period. The temperature of the fermentation bed, and the effect of the fermentation bed on diarrhea incidence, growth, digestion, blood physiological and biochemical parameters in lambs were investigated in different seasons (cold, warm, and hot season). Three batches of Hu ewes (30 ewes·batch-1) and their newborn twins were randomly assigned to two farm sheds with the same building structure. One farm shed had a fermentation bed (sawdust∶rice husk=7∶3) and the other (control) had a traditional soil floor, with each ewe and its own lambs kept in individual pens. At 7 days after parturition, all sheep were transferred to a semi-open farm shed with a soil floor and were continually fed until weaning at 60 days. The results were as follows: 1) The surface temperature of the fermentation bed was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control soil floor in each season. In the cold season, compared with the temperature of the control soil floor, the temperature of the fermentation bed was 1.80 ℃ higher in the morning, 0.97 ℃ higher at noon, and 1.09 ℃ higher in the evening. 2) The diarrhea incidence in lambs during both the cold and warm seasons was lower in the treatment group (P<0.05) than in the control group (19.99% lower in the cold season and 28.09% lower in the warm season during the 60 days after birth). Moreover, compared with lambs in the control group, those in the treatment group showed 15.04% higher average daily weight gain (ADG) during the cold season and 7.88% higher ADG during the warm season. However, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in diarrhea incidence or ADG between the two groups in the hot season. 3) The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and calcium were increased (P<0.05) on weaning day when the fermentation bed was used within 7 days of birth in the cold season. 4) Analyses of blood physiological and chemical parameters showed that, in the cold season, serum glucose (GLU), albumin, and globulin contents, and the percentage of lymphocytes in the whole blood of lambs were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatment group than in the control group. In the warm season, the GLU content was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the treatment group than in the control group. In the hot season, however, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in blood indexes between the two groups. In summary, the use of the fermentation bed for the first week after birth effectively improved the growth and digestive performance of lambs in both the cold season and the warm season.

Key words: fermentation bed, lamb, growth performance, physiology and chemical characteristics of blood