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草业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 13-25.DOI: 10.11686/cyxb2021447

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

喜旱莲子草入侵对三峡库区重庆主城河岸带植物多样性的影响

张丽苗(), 谭雪, 董智, 郑杰, 袁中勋, 李昌晓()   

  1. 西南大学生命科学学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆市三峡库区植物生态与资源重点实验室,重庆 400715
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-01 修回日期:2022-03-14 出版日期:2022-09-20 发布日期:2022-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 李昌晓
  • 作者简介:Corresponding author. E-mail: lichangx@swu.edu.cn
    张丽苗(1997-),女,山西运城人,硕士。E-mail: lmzhang@email.swu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市科技兴林项目(2021-9);西南大学生命科学学院科学基金项目(20212005406201);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2020 BFG03006);中央林业改革发展资金科技推广示范项目(渝林科推2020-2)

Effects of Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on plant diversity in the riparian zones of downtown Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Li-miao ZHANG(), Xue TAN, Zhi DONG, Jie ZHENG, Zhong-xun YUAN, Chang-xiao LI()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education),Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,College of Life Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China
  • Received:2021-12-01 Revised:2022-03-14 Online:2022-09-20 Published:2022-08-12
  • Contact: Chang-xiao LI

摘要:

为评估入侵物种喜旱莲子草对城市河岸带物种组成和多样性的影响,采用样方法在三峡库区重庆主城河岸带对47个样点进行群落调查。结果显示:1)干流河岸带Patrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著低于支流河岸带,但干流河岸带Pielou均匀度指数显著高于支流河岸带,Simpson多样性指数在干流和支流河岸带之间差异不显著。2)随着喜旱莲子草入侵强度逐渐增大,干、支流河岸带Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及Pielou均匀度指数均先升高后降低,且支流河岸带喜旱莲子草入侵阈值低于干流,而支流Patrick丰富度指数显著下降,但干流无显著变化。3)影响干流河岸带物种多样性的主要土壤因子为有机质、硝态氮和全氮;影响支流河岸带物种多样性的主要土壤因子为含水量、全氮和速效磷。4)喜旱莲子草的入侵在干流河岸带受速效钾、有机质和全氮影响较大,在支流河岸带受速效磷、速效钾和全氮影响较大。研究表明,喜旱莲子草更容易入侵土壤养分含量高的生境;其轻度入侵可促进城市河岸带物种多样性,中、重度入侵会降低河岸带物种多样性,尤其是支流河岸带,因此,建议加强对该入侵物种的生态监测并制定合理的防治措施,以遏制其入侵蔓延。

关键词: 城市河岸带, 喜旱莲子草, 生物入侵, 物种多样性, 土壤因子

Abstract:

To assess the impact of the Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on the species composition and diversity in the urban riparian zone, 47 sample sites in the riparian zones of downtown Chongqing in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of China were investigated. The results were as follows: 1) In the main waterway riparian zones, both the Patrick richness index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index were significantly lower than in the tributary riparian zones, and the Pielou evenness index in the main waterway riparian zone was significantly higher than in the tributary riparian zone. There was no significant difference in the Simpson diversity index between the main waterway and the tributary riparian zone. 2) As the cover of invading A. philoxeroides increased, the Simpson diversity index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index of the main waterway and tributary riparian zones fell, after initially rising, and each diversity index’s invasion threshold differed. While the Patrick richness index dropped significantly in the tributary, the main waterway had no significant change. 3) The main soil factors affecting the species diversity of the main waterway riparian zone were organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, and total nitrogen. The main soil factors affecting the species diversity of the tributary riparian zone were soil moisture, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. 4) The invasion of A. philoxeroides was mainly correlated with available potassium, organic matter, and total nitrogen in the main waterway riparian zone. In contrast, it was more correlated with available phosphorus, available potassium, and total nitrogen in the tributary riparian zone. Our studies have shown that A. philoxeroides is more likely to invade habitats with high soil nutrient content. A mild invasion of A. philoxeroides promotes species diversity in urban riparian zones. In contrast, moderate and severe invasions will reduce species diversity, especially in tributary riparian zones. Thus, we should do more work to keep track of this invasive species and develop effective and practical ways to stop it from spreading.

Key words: urban riparian zone, Alternanthera philoxeroides, biological invasion, species diversity, soil factors