植物化感作用的生态学意义及在草地生态系统中的研究进展

doi:10.11686/cyxb2017383

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物化感作用会在不同的研究尺度影响生态学过程,也被认为是生物入侵的重要作用机制,近年来成为生态学领域的研究热点。目前针对化感物质的分离、鉴定、释放途径及作用机理和化感作用的应用潜力等方面已开展了大量的研究工作,但对化感作用在不同时空尺度生态学过程中的具体作用和贡献及在草地生态系统中的研究进展还缺乏深入系统地概述,限制了对化感作用生态学意义的准确理解。笔者综述了近年来化感作用在不同尺度生态学过程特别是草地生态系统中的研究进展,从化感作用与种间竞争的区分与联系、化感作用对群落物种组成、群落演替及生物入侵等生态学过程的影响入手阐述了植物化感作用的生态学意义,总结了草地生态系统中化感作用的研究现状。基于当前植物化感作用研究存在的问题和争议,提出未来的研究应重点关注化感作用的室内观测结果与野外群落或生态系统水平观测结果的对比分析、区域乃至全球尺度的化感作用研究及化感作用在草本植物防御过程中的作用机制等方面。

关键词: 化感作用, 草地生态系统, 生态学意义, 化感物质, 作用机理

Abstract: Plant allelopathy has been proven to affect ecological processes on different temporal and spatial scales (individual, population, community, ecosystem, regional, and global scales). Furthermore, allelopathy has been considered as a novel weapon against invading exotic species, and has become a hot topic in ecology in recent years. Many studies have focused on the separation, identification, release pathways, application potential, and functional mechanisms of allelopathic materials, and much progress has been made. However, the lack of a thorough clarification and summary of specific functional mechanisms of allelopathy has constrained our understanding of its ecological significance. In this paper, we summarize recent research progress and controversies about allelopathy and discuss its effects on ecological processes at different scales. We specifically focus on the grassland ecosystem, and discuss the ecological significance of allelopathy for ecological processes at different scales. We discuss the differences in, and connections between, allelopathy and interspecific competition, and explore the roles of allelopathy in community species composition, community succession, and biological invasion. We also discuss the functional mechanisms of allelopathy, and current research progress and methods used to study allelopathy in grassland ecosystems. Finally, we recommend the following topics for future research on allelopathy: 1) Comparisons among greenhouse, field, and laboratory studies on allelopathy; 2) the effects of allelopathy at regional or global levels; and 3) how allelopathy affects the defensive responses of herbaceous plants and the restoration of degraded grassland.

Key words: allelopathy, grassland ecosystem, ecological significance, allelopathic materials, functional mechanism

平晓燕, 王铁梅. 植物化感作用的生态学意义及在草地生态系统中的研究进展[J]. 草业学报, 2018, 27(8): 175-184.

PING Xiao-yan, WANG Tie-mei. Ecological significance of plant allelopathy and progress in allelopathy research in grassland ecosystems[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2018, 27(8): 175-184.

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