Lean energy sources have a substantial role for sustainable development. It reduces the threat that climate change poses in human life. However, most rural communities in developing countries rely heavily on biomass for their domestic energy use. In the study site, forest land has been converted to other land uses for the last decades. This situation leads to scarcity of fuel wood. This study was aimed to examine the contribution of biogas technology in forest conservation and carbon emission reduction in Gimbi district, Western Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select sample households. A total of 152 sample households (54 adopters and 98 non-adopters) were involved on household survey. Over more, 25 test subjects were also taken randomly from both adoption categories to conduct Kitchen performance test. Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS 20.0) software was used to analyze the collected data. The result of this study revealed that Eucalyptus camaldulensis was the most commonly used tree species by adopter and non adopter households. Over more, the result shows relatively a higher pressure by non-adopters of the technology on tree species like Cordia africana and Podocarpus falcatus which were considered to be threatened in Ethiopia. The major fuel wood sources were plantation forest, natural forest, crop residues and dung cake which account 46.71%, 30.92%, 15.13% and 7.24% respectively. This study revealed that currently functioning biogas plants (145) have a potential of conserving about 0.79 hectare of forest annually. Furthermore, annual fuel wood saving of biogas technology was found to be 1423.06 kg with emission reduction potential of 1.53 t CO2 e per biogas digester/year. Accordingly, from all functional biogas digesters found in the study site about 221.85 tons of carbon was saved annually. The result of this study also showed that relatively a higher amount (68.5% and 62.2%) of adopter and non-adopter households have positive attitude respectively. Hence, they are assumed to have a better awareness about the advantages of the technology. To make the role of biogas technology sustainable, experts working on the energy sector should work cooperatively with experts who are working in other sectors like agricultural and health experts.
| Published in | Science Development (Volume 5, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-18 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Climate Change, Domestic Energy, Fuel Wood, Renewable Energy
| [1] | Weiland, P., 2010. Biogas production: current state and perspectives. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 85(4), pp. 849-860. |
| [2] | Shakya, S. R., 2005. Application of renewable energy technology for greenhouse gas emission reduction in Nepalese context: A case study. Nepalese Journal of Engineering, 1(1), pp. 92-101. |
| [3] | IPCC 2001: Climate Change 2001. The scientific basis, In: J. T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C. A. Johnson (eds), Contributions of working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 881 pp. |
| [4] | Bajgain, S. and Shakya, I. S., 2005. A successful model of public private partnership for rural household energy supply. Kigali, Rwanda: SNV. |
| [5] | (Green, C. E. S. C. R., 2011. Economy. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. |
| [6] | Ken K, Don A, Batmale JP, John B, Brad R, Dara S (2005). Biomethane from dairy waste: A sourcebook for the production and use of renewable natural gas in California. Prepared for Western United Dairymen. Funded in part through USDA Rural Development. |
| [7] | Lansing, S., Víquez, J., Martínez, H., Botero, R. and Martin, J., 2008. Quantifying electricity generation and waste transformations in a low-cost, plug-flow anaerobic digestion system. ecological engineering, 34(4), pp. 332-348. |
| [8] | Shin, H. C., Park, J. W., Kim, H. S. and Shin, E. S., 2005. Environmental and economic assessment of landfill gas electricity generation in Korea using LEAP model. Energy policy, 33(10), pp. 1261-1270. |
| [9] | Hosonuma, N., Herold, M., De Sy, V., De Fries, R. S., Brockhaus, M., Verchot, L., Angelsen, A. and Romijn, E., 2012. An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries. Environmental Research Letters, 7(4), p. 044009. IEA 2003a. |
| [10] | Gurung, A. and Oh, S. E., 2013. Conversion of traditional biomass into modern bioenergy systems: A review in context to improve the energy situation in Nepal. Renewable Energy, 50, pp. 206-213. |
| [11] | Skutsch, M., Torres, A. B., Mwampamba, T. H., Ghilardi, A. and Herold, M., 2011. Dealing with locally-driven degradation: A quick start option under REDD+. Carbon balance and management, 6(16), pp. 1-7. |
| [12] | Johnson, M. A., Pilco, V., Torres, R., Joshi, S., Shrestha, R. M., Yagnaraman, M., Lam, N. L., Doroski, B., Mitchell, J., Canuz, E. and Pennise, D., 2013. Impacts on household fuel consumption from biomass stove programs in India, Nepal, and Peru. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(5), pp. 403-411. |
| [13] | Miles, L. and Dickson, B., 2010. REDD-plus and biodiversity: opportunities and challenges. |
| [14] | Brown, V. J., 2006. Biogas: a bright idea for Africa. Environmental health perspectives, 114(5), p. A300. |
| [15] | Bruce, N., Perez-Padilla, R. and Albalak, R., 2000. Indoor air pollution in developing countries: a major environmental and public health challenge. Bulletin of the World Health organization, 78(9), pp. 1078-1092. |
| [16] | Hilawe Semunegus, N. O. A. A., 2010, September. Moving towards an intercalibrated and homogenized SSM/I period of record. In 17th Conference on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography. |
| [17] | YAMANE, T., 1967, Elementary Sampling Theory, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. |
| [18] | Israel, G. D., 2012. Determining Sample Size, Agricultural Education and Communication Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. |
| [19] | Gill, P. and Chadwick, B. (2008) Analysing and presenting qualitative data. British Dental Journal, 204, 429-432. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2008.292. |
| [20] | Kothari, S. K., Marschner, H. and George, E., 1990. Effect of VA mycorrhizal fungi and rhizosphere microorganisms on root and shoot morphology, growth and water relations in maize. New Phytologist, 116(2), pp. 303-311. |
| [21] | Adam, H., and Amber, T., 2007. Guidelines for performance tests of energy saving devices, Kitchen Performance tests (KPTs). |
| [22] | Bailis R et al 2007 The Water Boiling Test (WBT) Version 3.0. p1–38. |
| [23] | Bailis R and Edwards R 2007 Kitchen Performance Test (KPT) p1–32. |
| [24] | Joseph, S., 1990. Guidelines for planning, monitoring and evaluating cookstove programmes. Guidelines for planning, monitoring and evaluating cookstove programmes. |
| [25] | Bekele, W., 2003. Economics of soil and water conservation (Vol. 411). |
| [26] | Gujarati, D. N. 2004. Basic Econometrics (4th edition) New work, NY: The McGraw Hill companies. |
| [27] | Fantu, W., 2005. Aboveground biomass allometric equations and fuelwood properties of six species grown in Ethiopia (Doctoral dissertation, University Putra Malaysia). |
| [28] | Scott, D., Scott, J., and Becky. E. (2005). Heating With Wood: Producing, Harvesting and Processing Firewood. University ofNebraska, Lincoln Extension, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resource. |
| [29] | Oballa, P. O., Konuche, P. K., Muchiri, M. N. and Kigomo, B. N., 2010. Facts on growing and use of Eucalyptus in Kenya. |
| [30] | UNFCCC Summary Report. First Structured Expert Dialogue. 2013. http://unfccc.int/science/workshops_meetings/items/8477.php. Accessed 20 Jan 2015. |
| [31] | Storck, H. and Doppler, W., 1991. Farming systems and farm management practices of smallholders in the Hararghe Highlands. Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk Kiel. |
| [32] | Warkaw, L., 2011. Survey on Household Energy Consumption Patterns: the Case of Enderta Woreda, Tigray Regional State (Doctoral dissertation, Mekelle University). |
| [33] | Salome, J. P., Amutha, R., Jagannathan, P., Josiah, J. J. M., Berchmans, S. and Yegnaraman, V., 2009. Electrochemical assay of the nitrate and nitrite reductase activities of Rhizobium japonicum. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 24(12), pp. 3487-3491. |
| [34] | Zebider, A., 2011. The contribution of biogas production from cattle manure at household level for forest conservation and soil fertility improvement. Unpublished M. Sc. thesis, Addis Ababa University. |
| [35] | ERICK, M. K., 2018. ADOPTION OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO LIVELIHOODS AND FOREST CONSERVATION IN ABOGETA DIVISION, MERU COUNTY, KENYA (Doctoral dissertation, Kenyatta University). |
| [36] | Abukhzam, M. and Lee, A., 2010. Workforce attitude on technology adoption and diffusion. The Built & Human Environment Review, 3(1), pp. 60-71. |
| [37] | Beyene, A. D., 2010. Property Rights and Choice of Fuel Wood Sources in Rural Ethiopia. |
| [38] | Guta, D. D. (2014). Effect of fuelwood scarcity and socio-economic factors on household bio based energy use and energy substitution in rural Ethiopia. Energy policy, 76, 217-22. |
APA Style
Wakjira, L., Tolera, M., Shifaraw, G. (2024). Contribution of Biogas Technology in Forest Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction, Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia. Science Development, 5(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11
ACS Style
Wakjira, L.; Tolera, M.; Shifaraw, G. Contribution of Biogas Technology in Forest Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction, Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia. Sci. Dev. 2024, 5(1), 1-18. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11
AMA Style
Wakjira L, Tolera M, Shifaraw G. Contribution of Biogas Technology in Forest Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction, Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia. Sci Dev. 2024;5(1):1-18. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11,
author = {Leta Wakjira and Motuma Tolera and Garome Shifaraw},
title = {Contribution of Biogas Technology in Forest Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction, Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia},
journal = {Science Development},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.scidev.20240501.11},
abstract = {Lean energy sources have a substantial role for sustainable development. It reduces the threat that climate change poses in human life. However, most rural communities in developing countries rely heavily on biomass for their domestic energy use. In the study site, forest land has been converted to other land uses for the last decades. This situation leads to scarcity of fuel wood. This study was aimed to examine the contribution of biogas technology in forest conservation and carbon emission reduction in Gimbi district, Western Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select sample households. A total of 152 sample households (54 adopters and 98 non-adopters) were involved on household survey. Over more, 25 test subjects were also taken randomly from both adoption categories to conduct Kitchen performance test. Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS 20.0) software was used to analyze the collected data. The result of this study revealed that Eucalyptus camaldulensis was the most commonly used tree species by adopter and non adopter households. Over more, the result shows relatively a higher pressure by non-adopters of the technology on tree species like Cordia africana and Podocarpus falcatus which were considered to be threatened in Ethiopia. The major fuel wood sources were plantation forest, natural forest, crop residues and dung cake which account 46.71%, 30.92%, 15.13% and 7.24% respectively. This study revealed that currently functioning biogas plants (145) have a potential of conserving about 0.79 hectare of forest annually. Furthermore, annual fuel wood saving of biogas technology was found to be 1423.06 kg with emission reduction potential of 1.53 t CO2 e per biogas digester/year. Accordingly, from all functional biogas digesters found in the study site about 221.85 tons of carbon was saved annually. The result of this study also showed that relatively a higher amount (68.5% and 62.2%) of adopter and non-adopter households have positive attitude respectively. Hence, they are assumed to have a better awareness about the advantages of the technology. To make the role of biogas technology sustainable, experts working on the energy sector should work cooperatively with experts who are working in other sectors like agricultural and health experts.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Contribution of Biogas Technology in Forest Conservation and Carbon Emission Reduction, Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia AU - Leta Wakjira AU - Motuma Tolera AU - Garome Shifaraw Y1 - 2024/01/11 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11 DO - 10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11 T2 - Science Development JF - Science Development JO - Science Development SP - 1 EP - 18 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7154 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.scidev.20240501.11 AB - Lean energy sources have a substantial role for sustainable development. It reduces the threat that climate change poses in human life. However, most rural communities in developing countries rely heavily on biomass for their domestic energy use. In the study site, forest land has been converted to other land uses for the last decades. This situation leads to scarcity of fuel wood. This study was aimed to examine the contribution of biogas technology in forest conservation and carbon emission reduction in Gimbi district, Western Ethiopia. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select sample households. A total of 152 sample households (54 adopters and 98 non-adopters) were involved on household survey. Over more, 25 test subjects were also taken randomly from both adoption categories to conduct Kitchen performance test. Statistical Package for Social Scientist (SPSS 20.0) software was used to analyze the collected data. The result of this study revealed that Eucalyptus camaldulensis was the most commonly used tree species by adopter and non adopter households. Over more, the result shows relatively a higher pressure by non-adopters of the technology on tree species like Cordia africana and Podocarpus falcatus which were considered to be threatened in Ethiopia. The major fuel wood sources were plantation forest, natural forest, crop residues and dung cake which account 46.71%, 30.92%, 15.13% and 7.24% respectively. This study revealed that currently functioning biogas plants (145) have a potential of conserving about 0.79 hectare of forest annually. Furthermore, annual fuel wood saving of biogas technology was found to be 1423.06 kg with emission reduction potential of 1.53 t CO2 e per biogas digester/year. Accordingly, from all functional biogas digesters found in the study site about 221.85 tons of carbon was saved annually. The result of this study also showed that relatively a higher amount (68.5% and 62.2%) of adopter and non-adopter households have positive attitude respectively. Hence, they are assumed to have a better awareness about the advantages of the technology. To make the role of biogas technology sustainable, experts working on the energy sector should work cooperatively with experts who are working in other sectors like agricultural and health experts. VL - 5 IS - 1 ER -
Department of Plant Science, Mattu University, Bedele Campus, Bedele, Ethiopia
Information