| Peer-Reviewed

Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management

Received: 10 November 2022    Accepted: 18 November 2022    Published: 8 December 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Almost all people may suffer from gingivitis of varying degrees. As a kind of periodontal disease, gingivitis is mainly caused by many factors such as poor oral hygiene habits or immune dysfunction. Untreated gingivitis may develop into irreversible periodontitis. An important research direction of gingivitis is to find a drug that can reduce inflammation and has fewer side effects instead of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Agarwood is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. Previous studies on the chemical components and pharmacological activities of agarwood showed that the active components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpene and quercetin, have positive effects on the relief of inflammation. However, there is not much research on the use of agarwood to treat oral chronic inflammation such as gingivitis. In order to summarize the possible mechanism of the effect of agarwood on gingivitis, this paper reviewed and summarized domestic and foreign literatures. By reviewing the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and immune activities of the active components of agarwood in gingivitis respectively, the possible mechanism of agarwood in alleviating oral chronic inflammation was demonstrated. This review will provide theoretical reference value for the application of agarwood and its secondary products in the treatment of oral inflammation.

Published in International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12
Page(s) 29-33
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Agarwood, Gingivitis, Anti Inflammation, Bacteriostasis, Analgesia

References
[1] Zhou M, Wang H, Suolangjiba, et al. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. Leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 117 (2): 345-350.
[2] Liu Y, Chen D, Wei J, et al. Four New 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromone Derivatives from Chinese Agarwood Produced via the Whole-Tree Agarwood-Inducing Technique. Molecules. 2016; 21 (11): 1433.
[3] Wang SL, Hwang TL, Chung MI, et al. New Flavones, a 2-(2-Phenylethyl)-4H-chromen-4-one Derivative, and Anti-Inflammatory Constituents from the Stem Barks of Aquilaria sinensis. Molecules. 2015, 20 (11): 20912-20925.
[4] Liu Y, Chen H, Yang Y, et al. Whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique: an efficient novel technique for producing high-quality agarwood in cultivated Aquilaria sinensis trees. Molecules. 2013, 18 (3): 3086-3106.
[5] Shao H, Mei WL, Kong FD, et al. A new 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone glycoside in Chinese agarwood "Qi-Nan" from Aquilaria sinensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2017, 19 (1): 42-46.
[6] Wang C, Peng D, Liu Y, et al. Agarwood Alcohol Extract Protects against Gastric Ulcer by Inhibiting Oxidation and Inflammation. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2021, 2021: 9944685.
[7] Guo R, Zhao YF, Li J, et al. GYF-21, an Epoxide 2-(2-Phenethyl)-Chromone Derivative, Suppresses Innate and Adaptive Immunity via Inhibiting STAT1/3 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol. 2017, 8: 281.
[8] Adam AZ, Lee SY, Mohamed R. Pharmacological properties of agarwood tea derived from Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae) leaves: An emerging contemporary herbal drink. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2017, 10: 37-44.
[9] Yadav DK, Mudgal V, Agrawal J, et al. Molecular docking and ADME studies of natural compounds of Agarwood oil for topical anti-inflammatory activity. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des. 2013; 9 (3): 360-370.
[10] Zhao H, Peng Q, Han Z, et al. Three New Sesquiterpenoids and One New Sesquiterpenoid Derivative from Chinese Eaglewood. Molecules. 2016; 21 (3): 281.
[11] Ma CT, Ly TL, Le THV, et al. Sesquiterpene derivatives from the agarwood of Aquilaria malaccensis and their anti-inflammatory effects on NO production of macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Phytochemistry. 2021; 183: 112630.
[12] Gao XL, et al. Anti-inflammatory effect of Chinese agarwood essential oil via inhibiting p-STAT3 and IL-1 β/ IL-6. Chin Pharm J, 2019, 54 (23): 1951-1957.
[13] R G Kumar L, Chatterjee NS, Tejpal CS, et al. Evaluation of chitosan as a wall material for microencapsulation of squalene by spray drying: Characterization and oxidative stability studies. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017, 104 (Pt B): 1986-1995.
[14] Chen M, Cai W, Zhao S, et al. Oxidative stress-related biomarkers in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid associated with chronic periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol. 2019, 46 (6): 608-622.
[15] Waddington R J, Moseley R, Embery G. Periodontal Disease Mechanisms: Reactive oxygen species: a potential role in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Oral diseases, 2000, 6 (3): 138-151.
[16] Wang M R, Li W, Luo S, et al. GC-MS Study of the chemical components of different Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilgorgans and Agarwood from different Asian countries. Molecules, 2018, 23 (9): 2168.
[17] Dahham S S, Tabana Y M, Iqbal M A, et al. The anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the sesquiterpene β- caryophyllene from the essential oil of Aquilaria crassna. Molecules, 2015, 20 (7): 11808-11829.
[18] Xiong LY, et al. Protective effects of Lignum Aquilariae Resinatum essential oil on H2O2-induced oxidative damage of PC12 cells. Tradit Chin Drug Res Pharmacol, 2014, 25 (1): 28-32.
[19] Parwata A, Manuaba P, Yasa S. The potency of flavonoid compounds in water extract Gyrinops versteegii leaves as natural antioxidants sources. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2018, 11 (3): 1501-1511.
[20] Ma S, Qiao M, Fu Y, et al. Comparative Analysis of Biological Activity of Artificial and Wild Agarwood. Forests, 2021, 12 (11): 1532.
[21] Batubara R, Wirjosentono B, Siregar AH, et al. Bioactive compounds of ethanol extract from agarwood leaves (Aquilaria malaccensis) and antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi growing on the skin. Biodiversitas. 2021, 22 (1): 2884-2890.
[22] Nikaido H. Permeability of the outer membrane of bacteria. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 1979, 18 (5): 337-350.
[23] Ryan CA. Proteinase inhibitor gene families: strategies for transformation to improve plant defenses against herbivores. Bioessays. 1989, 10 (1): 20-24.
[24] Mei W L, Zeng Y B, Wu J, et al. Chemical composition and anti-MRSA activity of the essential oil from Chinese eaglewood. J. Chin. Pharm. Sci, 2008, 17 (3): 225.
[25] Wetwitayaklung P, Thavanapong N, Charoenteeraboon J. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential oil and extracts of heartwood of Aquilaria crassna obtained from water distillation and supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 2009: 25-33.
[26] Cushnie T, Lamb A. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 2011, 38 (2): 99-107.
[27] Takemoto H, Ito M, Shiraki T, Yagura T, Honda G. Sedative effects of vapor inhalation of agarwood oil and spikenard extract and identification of their active components. J Nat Med. 2008, 62 (1): 41-46.
[28] Wang S, et al. Effect of agarwood produced by whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique on hypnotic and spontaneous activity inhibition of mice. J Int Pharm Res, 2016, 43: 1082-1087.
[29] Wang S, Wang C, Peng D, et al. Agarwood Essential Oil Displays Sedative-Hypnotic Effects through the GABAergic System. Molecules. 2017, 22 (12): 2190.
[30] Wang J, et al. Comparative study on analgesic effects of different years of Chinese eaglewood. Hainan Med J. 2014, 25: 2188-2190.
[31] Wang Y, Hussain M, Jiang Z, et al. Aquilaria Species (Thymelaeaceae) Distribution, Volatile and Non-Volatile Phytochemicals, Pharmacological Uses, Agarwood Grading System, and Induction Methods. Molecules. 2021, 26 (24): 7708.
[32] Ma HD, Deng YR, Tian Z, Lian ZX. Traditional Chinese medicine and immune regulation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2013, 44 (3): 229-241.
[33] Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Huo H, et al. HHX-5, a derivative of sesquiterpene from Chinese agarwood, suppresses innate and adaptive immunity via inhibiting STAT signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016, 791: 412-423.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Si-Yu Tao, Nan Zhou, Jin-Qi Chen, Yue-Li Zhou, Xiao-Ju Wu, et al. (2022). Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management. International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines, 8(2), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Si-Yu Tao; Nan Zhou; Jin-Qi Chen; Yue-Li Zhou; Xiao-Ju Wu, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management. Int. J. Homeopathy Nat. Med. 2022, 8(2), 29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Si-Yu Tao, Nan Zhou, Jin-Qi Chen, Yue-Li Zhou, Xiao-Ju Wu, et al. Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med. 2022;8(2):29-33. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12,
      author = {Si-Yu Tao and Nan Zhou and Jin-Qi Chen and Yue-Li Zhou and Xiao-Ju Wu and Di Chen and Muhammad Zia Ullah Shahid and Zhu-Ling Guo},
      title = {Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management},
      journal = {International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines},
      volume = {8},
      number = {2},
      pages = {29-33},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhnm.20220802.12},
      abstract = {Almost all people may suffer from gingivitis of varying degrees. As a kind of periodontal disease, gingivitis is mainly caused by many factors such as poor oral hygiene habits or immune dysfunction. Untreated gingivitis may develop into irreversible periodontitis. An important research direction of gingivitis is to find a drug that can reduce inflammation and has fewer side effects instead of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Agarwood is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. Previous studies on the chemical components and pharmacological activities of agarwood showed that the active components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpene and quercetin, have positive effects on the relief of inflammation. However, there is not much research on the use of agarwood to treat oral chronic inflammation such as gingivitis. In order to summarize the possible mechanism of the effect of agarwood on gingivitis, this paper reviewed and summarized domestic and foreign literatures. By reviewing the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and immune activities of the active components of agarwood in gingivitis respectively, the possible mechanism of agarwood in alleviating oral chronic inflammation was demonstrated. This review will provide theoretical reference value for the application of agarwood and its secondary products in the treatment of oral inflammation.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Therapeutic Potential of Agarwood in Oral Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Management
    AU  - Si-Yu Tao
    AU  - Nan Zhou
    AU  - Jin-Qi Chen
    AU  - Yue-Li Zhou
    AU  - Xiao-Ju Wu
    AU  - Di Chen
    AU  - Muhammad Zia Ullah Shahid
    AU  - Zhu-Ling Guo
    Y1  - 2022/12/08
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12
    T2  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
    JF  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
    JO  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
    SP  - 29
    EP  - 33
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-2316
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.12
    AB  - Almost all people may suffer from gingivitis of varying degrees. As a kind of periodontal disease, gingivitis is mainly caused by many factors such as poor oral hygiene habits or immune dysfunction. Untreated gingivitis may develop into irreversible periodontitis. An important research direction of gingivitis is to find a drug that can reduce inflammation and has fewer side effects instead of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Agarwood is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. Previous studies on the chemical components and pharmacological activities of agarwood showed that the active components of agarwood, such as sesquiterpene and quercetin, have positive effects on the relief of inflammation. However, there is not much research on the use of agarwood to treat oral chronic inflammation such as gingivitis. In order to summarize the possible mechanism of the effect of agarwood on gingivitis, this paper reviewed and summarized domestic and foreign literatures. By reviewing the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and immune activities of the active components of agarwood in gingivitis respectively, the possible mechanism of agarwood in alleviating oral chronic inflammation was demonstrated. This review will provide theoretical reference value for the application of agarwood and its secondary products in the treatment of oral inflammation.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • Health Sciences, Islamia University, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

  • School of Dentistry, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, PR China

  • Sections