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Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language

Received: 4 December 2022    Accepted: 11 January 2023    Published: 24 February 2023
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Abstract

Morphophonemic changes are considered vital discussion in the language and linguistic. These changes are a sample process in all language of the world, which are initially unconscious, easy, energy-saving and euphony. It has essential role in the growth and sustainability of a language. To this end, this research will investigate morphphonemic changes in Pashto language, and the cause and types of these changes. This research is a qualitative and data was collected from various Pashto theory and grammar books so that the morphophonemic changes were described with brief examples. It was discovered that the changes occur in order to reduce the physical and mental energy. In most cases the meaning of the morpheme is not change while the form of the morpheme changed. However, in some cases the meaning is also changed, such as in omission one phoneme is obliterated. In some examples create new morpheme, which cause create different meaning in the language. Regarding the changing of meaning there is different ideas in the books, some linguists say that these changes do not cause to change the meaning while some says that sometimes they change the meaning as well. Based on my opinion all morphophonemic changes do not change the meaning, for instance in assimilation and dissimilation and in the omission it changes the meaning like in /spor/ in English horseback or rider morpheme if the /p/ omit it become /sor/, which /sor/ means length in Pashto. This article tries to describe the morphophonemic changes in Pashto language.

Published in Arabic Language, Literature & Culture (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12
Page(s) 9-13
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Assimilation, Dissimilation, Hiatus, Metathesis, Omission, Sandhi, Syncope

References
[1] Šerzād, Mohammad Aqā. (1399. H0. paşto grammar (phonology) [Pashto Grammar: Phonology]. Kabul: Jehān Dānəš Press. p 117.
[2] xweŠkay, Mohammad Sabər. (1395. H). paŝto γağpohana aw wayaypohana [Pashto Phonology and morphology] (6th Edition) Kabul: Jehān Dānəš Press. p 58.
[3] Yamin. Mohmmad Hosain. (1384. H). dastore maγāsər zabān pārsi dari [Contemporary Grammar of Farsi Dari Language]. Kabul: momand Press. P 118.
[4] Zeyār. Mojāwar ahmad. (1384. H). paşto poşoya [Pashto Grammar]. Kabul; dānəŠ press. p 35-38.
[5] xweŠkay, Mohammad Sabər. (1398. H). paŝto maāsər grammar [Contemporary Pashto Grammar], (3rd Edition). Kabul: Jehān Dānəš Press. P 59.
[6] Tahiri, Nasir Ahmad. (1399. H). taŠrehi žəbpohəna [Descriptive Linguistics]. Kabul: Samun Press. p 57.
[7] Šakər, nur ahmad. (2019). žəbanəy ceŗni [Linguistic Research] (2nd Edition). Kandahār: Sadāqat press. p 37.
[8] Zeyār. Mojāwar ahmad. (1386. H).). paŝtoliklār [A Guide of Standard Pashto] Kabul: Jehān Dānəš Press. p 57-80.
[9] Chamto, Moahmmad Qasim. (1400. H). paŝto phonolozek aw morpholozeki badlon [Pashto Language’s phonological and morphological changes]. Kabul; Samoon Publisher. P 31.
[10] Qane. Rahmānullah. (1397. H). žəbpohanizi nomawəni [linguistics Terminology]. Jalal Abād: Momand Press. p 96-98.
[11] Čamtu, Mohammad Qasim. (1398. H). taŠrehi žəbpohəna [Descriptive Linguistics] (4th Edition). Kabul: Jehān Dānəš Press. p. 86.
[12] acək, bāyzid. (2020). paşto phonology [Pashto Phonology] compiled: Mahmood marhoon. Kandhar; sadaqat press.
[13] Helali, abdulhakim. (2019). Paşto Phonology [Pashto Phonology]. Kandhār; Sadaqt Press. p 23.
[14] Mahbub, mohbobsha. (2019). Paşto zhabdod [Regularity of Pashto]. Jalal Abād: Momand Press. p 31.
[15] Reśtin, sadiqullah. (1393. H). žəbŝodana- paŝto grammar [Pashto Grammar]. (5th Edition). Jalāl Abād: godar press. p 40.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Zahidullah Karimzai, Mohammad Israr Shinwaray. (2023). Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language. Arabic Language, Literature & Culture, 8(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12

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    ACS Style

    Zahidullah Karimzai; Mohammad Israr Shinwaray. Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language. Arab. Lang. Lit. Cult. 2023, 8(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12

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    AMA Style

    Zahidullah Karimzai, Mohammad Israr Shinwaray. Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language. Arab Lang Lit Cult. 2023;8(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12,
      author = {Zahidullah Karimzai and Mohammad Israr Shinwaray},
      title = {Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language},
      journal = {Arabic Language, Literature & Culture},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.allc.20230801.12},
      abstract = {Morphophonemic changes are considered vital discussion in the language and linguistic. These changes are a sample process in all language of the world, which are initially unconscious, easy, energy-saving and euphony. It has essential role in the growth and sustainability of a language. To this end, this research will investigate morphphonemic changes in Pashto language, and the cause and types of these changes. This research is a qualitative and data was collected from various Pashto theory and grammar books so that the morphophonemic changes were described with brief examples. It was discovered that the changes occur in order to reduce the physical and mental energy. In most cases the meaning of the morpheme is not change while the form of the morpheme changed. However, in some cases the meaning is also changed, such as in omission one phoneme is obliterated. In some examples create new morpheme, which cause create different meaning in the language. Regarding the changing of meaning there is different ideas in the books, some linguists say that these changes do not cause to change the meaning while some says that sometimes they change the meaning as well. Based on my opinion all morphophonemic changes do not change the meaning, for instance in assimilation and dissimilation and in the omission it changes the meaning like in /spor/ in English horseback or rider morpheme if the /p/ omit it become /sor/, which /sor/ means length in Pashto. This article tries to describe the morphophonemic changes in Pashto language.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Kind of Morphophonemic Changes in Pashto Language
    AU  - Zahidullah Karimzai
    AU  - Mohammad Israr Shinwaray
    Y1  - 2023/02/24
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12
    T2  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
    JF  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
    JO  - Arabic Language, Literature & Culture
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 13
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2639-9695
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20230801.12
    AB  - Morphophonemic changes are considered vital discussion in the language and linguistic. These changes are a sample process in all language of the world, which are initially unconscious, easy, energy-saving and euphony. It has essential role in the growth and sustainability of a language. To this end, this research will investigate morphphonemic changes in Pashto language, and the cause and types of these changes. This research is a qualitative and data was collected from various Pashto theory and grammar books so that the morphophonemic changes were described with brief examples. It was discovered that the changes occur in order to reduce the physical and mental energy. In most cases the meaning of the morpheme is not change while the form of the morpheme changed. However, in some cases the meaning is also changed, such as in omission one phoneme is obliterated. In some examples create new morpheme, which cause create different meaning in the language. Regarding the changing of meaning there is different ideas in the books, some linguists say that these changes do not cause to change the meaning while some says that sometimes they change the meaning as well. Based on my opinion all morphophonemic changes do not change the meaning, for instance in assimilation and dissimilation and in the omission it changes the meaning like in /spor/ in English horseback or rider morpheme if the /p/ omit it become /sor/, which /sor/ means length in Pashto. This article tries to describe the morphophonemic changes in Pashto language.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Pashto Language and Literature Department, Kunduz University, Kunduz, Afghanistan

  • Pashto Language and Literature Department, Kunduz University, Kunduz, Afghanistan

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