Recently, the usefulness of greatly enlarged observation using Endocytoscopy (ECS) has been reported.

A 38-years old, male was admitted to another hospital with fever, diarrhea and mucous blood a year and a half ago. Colonoscopy revealed multiple erosions in the rectum. His symptoms were alleviated by antimicrobial agents. He visited a nearby hospital with right lower abdominal pain two weeks ago, and his symptoms improved with re-administration of the antimicrobial agent. However, he was referred to our hospital because of positive fecal occult blood.

Colonoscopy revealed diffuse sputum-like erosions and redness with irregular white plaques from the sigmoid colon to the rectum and the cecum. Endocytoscopy showed multiple amebic trophozoites by super-magnifying observation.

As amebic colitis is one of the increasing parasitic diseases in Japan, it' s important to distinguish it from IBD and other enterocolitis. Detection of trophozoite of dysentery amoeba by in vivo real-time observation using ECS is considered to be useful for rapid diagnosis and treatment of amebic colitis.