ABSTRACT
Recommendation in the modern world is not only about capturing the interaction between users and items, but also about understanding the relationship between items. Besides improving the quality of recommendation, it enables the generation of candidate items that can serve as substitutes and supplements of another item. For example, when recommending Xbox, PS4 could be a logical substitute and the supplements could be items such as game controllers, surround system, and travel case. Therefore, given a network of items, our objective is to learn their content features such that they explain the relationship between items in terms of substitutes and supplements. To achieve this, we propose a generative deep learning model that links two variational autoencoders using a connector neural network to create Linked Variational Autoencoder (LVA). LVA learns the latent features of items by conditioning on the observed relationship between items. Using a rigorous series of experiments, we show that LVA significantly outperforms other representative and state-of-the-art baseline methods in terms of prediction accuracy. We then extend LVA by incorporating collaborative filtering (CF) to create CLVA that captures the implicit relationship between users and items. By comparing CLVA with LVA we show that inducing CF-based features greatly improve the recommendation quality of substitutable and supplementary items on a user level.
- Gediminas Adomavicius and Alexander Tuzhilin. 2015. Context-aware recommender systems. In Recommender systems handbook . Springer, 191--226.Google Scholar
- David M Blei, Andrew Y Ng, and Michael I Jordan. 2003. Latent dirichlet allocation. Journal of machine Learning research, Vol. 3, Jan (2003), 993--1022. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jesús Bobadilla, Fernando Ortega, Antonio Hernando, and Abraham Gutiérrez. 2013. Recommender systems survey. Knowledge-based systems, Vol. 46 (2013), 109--132. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jonathan Chang and David M Blei. 2009. Relational topic models for document networks. In International conference on artificial intelligence and statistics. 81--88.Google Scholar
- David A Cohn and Thomas Hofmann. 2001. The missing link-a probabilistic model of document content and hypertext connectivity. In Advances in neural information processing systems. 430--436. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Michael D Ekstrand, John T Riedl, Joseph A Konstan, et almbox. 2011. Collaborative filtering recommender systems. Foundations and Trends® in Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 4, 2 (2011), 81--173. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Elena Erosheva, Stephen Fienberg, and John Lafferty. 2004. Mixed-membership models of scientific publications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 101, suppl 1 (2004), 5220--5227.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Ruining He, Chen Fang, Zhaowen Wang, and Julian McAuley. 2016a. Vista: a visually, socially, and temporally-aware model for artistic recommendation. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. ACM, 309--316. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ruining He, Charles Packer, and Julian McAuley. 2016b. Learning compatibility across categories for heterogeneous item recommendation. In Data Mining (ICDM), 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on. IEEE, 937--942.Google ScholarCross Ref
- Xiangnan He, Lizi Liao, Hanwang Zhang, Liqiang Nie, Xia Hu, and Tat-Seng Chua. 2017. Neural collaborative filtering. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 173--182. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhiting Hu, Junjie Yao, Bin Cui, and Eric Xing. 2015. Community level diffusion extraction. In Proceedings of the 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. ACM, 1555--1569. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yohan Jo and Alice H Oh. 2011. Aspect and sentiment unification model for online review analysis. In Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining. ACM, 815--824. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Diederik P Kingma and Max Welling. 2013. Auto-encoding variational bayes. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6114 (2013).Google Scholar
- Daphne Koller and Nir Friedman. 2009. Probabilistic graphical models: principles and techniques .MIT press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Xiaopeng Li and James She. 2017. Collaborative variational autoencoder for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining . ACM, 305--314. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Dawen Liang, Rahul G Krishnan, Matthew D Hoffman, and Tony Jebara. 2018. Variational Autoencoders for Collaborative Filtering. In Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference on World Wide Web. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 689--698. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Yan Liu, Alexandru Niculescu-Mizil, and Wojciech Gryc. 2009. Topic-link LDA: joint models of topic and author community. In proceedings of the 26th annual international conference on machine learning. ACM, 665--672. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Julian McAuley and Jure Leskovec. 2013. Hidden factors and hidden topics: understanding rating dimensions with review text. In Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Recommender systems. ACM, 165--172. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Julian McAuley, Rahul Pandey, and Jure Leskovec. 2015. Inferring networks of substitutable and complementary products. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining . ACM, 785--794. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Vineeth Rakesh, Weicong Ding, Aman Ahuja, Nikhil Rao, Yifan Sun, and Chandan K Reddy. 2018. A Sparse Topic Model for Extracting Aspect-Specific Summaries from Online Reviews. In Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on The Web Conference. ACM, 631--640.Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jürgen Schmidhuber. 2015. Deep learning in neural networks: An overview. Neural networks, Vol. 61 (2015), 85--117. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zhu Sun, Jie Yang, Jie Zhang, and Alessandro Bozzon. 2017. Exploiting both Vertical and Horizontal Dimensions of Feature Hierarchy for Effective Recommendation. In AAAI. 189--195. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Ivan Titov and Ryan McDonald. 2008a. A joint model of text and aspect ratings for sentiment summarization. proceedings of ACL-08: HLT (2008), 308--316.Google Scholar
- Ivan Titov and Ryan McDonald. 2008b. Modeling online reviews with multi-grain topic models. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on World Wide Web. ACM, 111--120. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Pascal Vincent, Hugo Larochelle, Isabelle Lajoie, Yoshua Bengio, and Pierre-Antoine Manzagol. 2010. Stacked denoising autoencoders: Learning useful representations in a deep network with a local denoising criterion. Journal of Machine Learning Research, Vol. 11, Dec (2010), 3371--3408. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Chong Wang and David M Blei. 2011. Collaborative topic modeling for recommending scientific articles. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining . ACM, 448--456. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hao Wang, Xingjian Shi, and Dit-Yan Yeung. 2017a. Relational Deep Learning: A Deep Latent Variable Model for Link Prediction.. In AAAI . 2688--2694. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Hao Wang, Naiyan Wang, and Dit-Yan Yeung. 2015b. Collaborative deep learning for recommender systems. In Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 1235--1244. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jun Wang, Lantao Yu, Weinan Zhang, Yu Gong, Yinghui Xu, Benyou Wang, Peng Zhang, and Dell Zhang. 2017c. Irgan: A minimax game for unifying generative and discriminative information retrieval models. In Proceedings of the 40th International ACM SIGIR conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval. ACM, 515--524. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Suhang Wang, Jiliang Tang, Yilin Wang, and Huan Liu. 2015a. Exploring Implicit Hierarchical Structures for Recommender Systems.. In IJCAI . 1813--1819. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Suhang Wang, Yilin Wang, Jiliang Tang, Kai Shu, Suhas Ranganath, and Huan Liu. 2017b. What your images reveal: Exploiting visual contents for point-of-interest recommendation. In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee, 391--400. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Zihan Wang, Ziheng Jiang, Zhaochun Ren, Jiliang Tang, and Dawei Yin. 2018. A Path-constrained Framework for Discriminating Substitutable and Complementary Products in E-commerce. In Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM, 619--627. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Shuai Zhang, Lina Yao, and Aixin Sun. 2017. Deep learning based recommender system: A survey and new perspectives. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.07435 (2017).Google ScholarDigital Library
- Jiaqian Zheng, Xiaoyuan Wu, Junyu Niu, and Alvaro Bolivar. 2009. Substitutes or complements: another step forward in recommendations. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Electronic commerce. ACM, 139--146. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Linked Variational AutoEncoders for Inferring Substitutable and Supplementary Items
Recommendations
Item Recommendation with Variational Autoencoders and Heterogeneous Priors
DLRS 2018: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Deep Learning for Recommender SystemsIn recent years, Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) have been shown to be highly effective in both standard collaborative filtering applications and extensions such as incorporation of implicit feedback. We extend VAEs to collaborative filtering with side ...
Discovering unknown but interesting items on personal social network
PAKDD'12: Proceedings of the 16th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part IISocial networking service has become very popular recently. Many recommendation systems have been proposed to integrate with social networking websites. Traditional recommendation systems focus on providing popular items or items posted by close ...
Ranking and Suggesting Popular Items
We consider the problem of ranking the popularity of items and suggesting popular items based on user feedback. User feedback is obtained by iteratively presenting a set of suggested items, and users selecting items based on their own preferences either ...
Comments