Abstract
In recent years, quantum computing (QC) research has moved from the realm of theoretical physics and mathematics into real implementations. With many different potential hardware implementations, quantum computer architecture is a rich field with an opportunity to solve interesting new problems and to revisit old ones. This paper presents a QC architecture tailored to physical implementations with highly mobile and persistent quantum bits (qubits). Implementations with qubit coherency times that are much longer than operation times and qubit transportation times that are orders of magnitude faster than operation times lend greater flexibility to the architecture. This is particularly true in the placement and locality of individual qubits. For concreteness, we assume a physical device model based on electron-spin qubits on liquid helium (eSHe).
Like many conventional computer architectures, QCs focus on the efficient exposure of parallelism.We present here a QC microarchitecture that enjoys increasing computational parallelism with size and latency scaling only linearly with the number of operations. Although an efficient and high level of parallelism is admirable, quantum hardware is still expensive and difficult to build, so we demonstrate how the software may be optimized to reduce an application's hardware requirements by 25% with no performance loss. Because the majority of a QC's time and resources are devoted to quantum error correction, we also present noise modeling results that evaluate error correction procedures. These results demonstrate that idle qubits in memory need only be refreshedapproximately once every one hundred operation cycles.
- S. Balensiefer, L. Kregor-Stickles, and M. Oskin. An evaluation framework and instruction set architecture for ion-trap based quantum micro-architectures. In ISCA '05: Proceedings of the 32nd Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 186--196, Washington, DC, USA, 2005. IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, C. Crépeau, R. Jozsa, A. Peres, and W. K. Wootters. Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and EPR channels. Phys. Rev. Lett., 70(13):1895--1899, Mar 1993.Google ScholarCross Ref
- C. H. Bennett, G. Brassard, S. Popescu, B. Schumacher, J. A. Smolin, and W. K. Wootters. Purification of noisy entanglement and faithful teleportation via noisy channels. Physical Review Letters, 76:722, 1996.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Copsey, M. Oskin, F. T. Chong, I. Chuang, and K. Abdel-Ghaffar. Memory hierarchies for quantum data. Non-Silicon Computing Workshop, 2002.Google Scholar
- D. Copsey, M. Oskin, T. Metodiev, F. T. Chong, I. Chuang, and J. Kubiatowicz. The effect of communication costs in solid-state quantum architectures. In Symposium on Parallel Architectures and Applications (SPAA) 2003, pages 65--74, June 2003. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. J. Dahm, J. M. Goodkind, I. Karakurt, and S. Pilla. Using Electrons on Liquid Helium for Quantum Computing. Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 126(1--2):709--718, Jan. 2002.Google Scholar
- T. G. Draper, S. A. Kutin, E. M. Rains, and K. M. Svore. A logarithmic-depth quantum carry-lookahead adder. http://arxiv.org/quant-ph/0406142, 2004. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. I. Dykman, P. M. Platzman, and P. Seddighrad. Qubits with electrons on liquid helium. Phys. Rev. B, 67(15):155402, Apr 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. Gulde, M. Riebe, G. P. T. Lancaster, C. Becher, J. Eschner, H. Häffner, F. Schmidt-Kaler, I. L. Chuang, and R. Blatt. Implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm on an ion-trap quantum computer. Nature, 421:48--50, Jan. 2003.Google ScholarCross Ref
- ILOG. Cplex 9.1.Google Scholar
- N. Isailovic, Y. Patel, M. Whitney, and J. Kubiatowicz. Interconnection networks for scalable quantum computers. In ISCA '06: Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 366--377, Washington, DC, USA, 2006. IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- B. E. Kane. A silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer. Nature, 393(6681):133--137, May 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. Kielpinski, C. Monroe, and D. J. Wineland. Architecture for a large-scale ion-trap quantum computer. Nature, 417:709--711, June 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- D. A. Lidar, I. L. Chuang, and K. B. Whaley. Decoherence-free subspaces for quantum computation. Phys. Rev. Lett., 81(12):2594--2597, Sep 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- S. A. Lyon. Spin-based quantum computing using electrons on liquid helium. Phys. Rev. A, 74:052338, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- T. S. Metodi and F. T. Chong. Quantum Computing for Computer Architects. Morgan & Claypool, 2006. Google ScholarDigital Library
- T. S. Metodi, D. D. Thaker, A. W. Cross, F. T. Chong, and I. L. Chuang. A quantum logic array microarchitecture: Scalable quantum data movement and computation. In International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO-38), Barcelona, Spain, Nov. 2005. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang. Quantum computation and quantum information. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Oskin, F. T. Chong, and I. L. Chuang. A practical architecture for reliable quantum computers. Computer, 35(1):79--87, 2002. Google ScholarDigital Library
- M. Oskin, F. T. Chong, I. L. Chuang, and J. Kubiatowicz. Building quantum wires: the long and the short of it. In ISCA '03: Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture, pages 374--387, New York, NY, USA, 2003. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. M. Platzman and M. I. Dykman. Quantum computing with electrons floating on liquid helium. Science, 284:1967--1969, 1999. Google ScholarDigital Library
- J. Preskill. Reliable quantum computers. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond., A454:385--410, 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- G. Sabouret. Towards Spin-based Quantum Computing on Liquid Helium. PhD thesis, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, Jan. 2007. Google ScholarDigital Library
- G. Sabouret and S. A. Lyon. Measurement of the charge transfer efficiency of electrons clocked on superfluid helium. Appl. Phys. Lett., 88:254105, 2006.Google ScholarCross Ref
- E. Schuchman and T. N. Vijaykumar. A program transformation and architecture support for quantum uncomputation. In ASPLOS--XII: Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems, pages 252--263, New York, NY, USA, 2006. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- P. W. Shor. Polynomial time algorithms for prime factorization and discrete logarithms on a quantum computer. SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput., 26:1484, 1997. Google ScholarDigital Library
- A. Steane. The ion trap quantum information processor. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 64(6):623--643, June 1997.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Steane. Space, time, parallelism and noise requirements for reliable quantum computing. Fortsch. Phys., 46:443--458, 1998.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. Steane, C. F. Roos, D. Stevens, A. Mundt, D. Leibfried, F. Schmidt-Kaler, and R. Blatt. Speed of ion-trap quantum-information processors. Phys. Rev. A, 62(4):042305, Sep 2000.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. M. Steane. Error correcting codes in quantum theory. Phys. Rev. Lett., 77(5):793--797, Jul 1996.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. M. Steane. Active stabilisation, quantum computation and quantum state synthesis. Phys. Rev. Lett., 78:2252--2255, 1997.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. M. Steane. Efficient fault--tolerant quantum computing. quant-ph/9809054, 1998.Google Scholar
- A. M. Steane. Overhead and noise threshold of fault-tolerant quantum error correction. Phys. Rev. A 68, 042322, 2002.Google ScholarCross Ref
- A. M. Steane. How to build a 300 bit, 1 Gop quantum computer. ArXiv Quantum Physics e-prints, Dec. 2004.Google Scholar
- D. D. Thaker, T. S. Metodi, A. W. Cross, I. L. Chuang, and F. T. Chong. Quantum memory hierarchies: Efficient designs to match available parallelism in quantum computing. In ISCA '06: Proceedings of the 33rd International Symposium on Computer Architecture, pages 378--390, Washington, DC, USA, 2006. IEEE Computer Society. Google ScholarDigital Library
- S.-A.-A. Touati and L. Benmouffok. Logical linear programming tool for optimizing compilation. http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/~touati/sw/loci/, 2005.Google Scholar
- K. Wilken, J. Liu, and M. Heffernan. Optimal instruction scheduling using integer programming. In PLDI '00: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2000 conference on Programming language design and implementation, pages 121--133, New York, NY, USA, 2000. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
Index Terms
- Tailoring quantum architectures to implementation style: a quantum computer for mobile and persistent qubits
Recommendations
Tailoring quantum architectures to implementation style: a quantum computer for mobile and persistent qubits
ISCA '07: Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architectureIn recent years, quantum computing (QC) research has moved from the realm of theoretical physics and mathematics into real implementations. With many different potential hardware implementations, quantum computer architecture is a rich field with an ...
Quantum bit commitment on IBM QX
AbstractQuantum bit commitment (QBC) is a quantum version of the classical bit commitment security primitive. As other quantum security primitives and protocols, QBC improves on cheating detection over its classical counterpart. The implementation of the ...
Efficient quantum computing between remote qubits in linear nearest neighbor architectures
We propose a new scheme for implementing gate operations between remote qubits in linear nearest neighbor (LNN) architectures, one that does not require qubits to be adjacent to each other in order to perform a gate operation between them. The key ...
Comments