This paper will make an overview on current radiation risk assessment and management, and also discuss current issues after reflection of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station in 2011. Historically, the risk-based approach was introduced based on the assumption that radiation risk follows a linear-non-threshold model for cancer and hereditary effects. Since then, radiological protection has developed the principles and the fundamental framework for the risk management. Currently, radiological protection has evolved from a “classical” top-down approach. The talk and collaboration between radiological protection community and risk analysis community like SRA will be needed to build more acceptable and feasible management and regulation for radiation and chemicals.