Accurate calibration of camera internal parameters is an important step in realizing three-dimensional object reconstruction and target location. Large reprojection error is a frontier problem in the field of camera calibration. A real calibration image dataset and a reprojection error model are established. In combination with the fast iteration of elite opposition-based learning strategy and the population diversity of sparrow search algorithm, the calibration parameters were optimized to improve the accuracy of calibration parameters and reduce the reprojection error. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. It can effectively reduce the reprojection error.