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How to (Not) Make the World Sacred: Congar's “Sacred Pedagogy”

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Abstract

Fifty years ago, Yves Congar voiced concern over what he considered a serious point of confusion in the post-conciliar Church, namely, the meaning of “the sacred” in Christian faith and mission. This essay details Congar's diagnosis of the problem and explores the continued relevance of his constructive response, or, what he calls “sacred pedagogy.” For Congar, the world is not sacred in itself, because the body of Christ is the only sacred reality. Yet the world can become sacred, if we approach it “pedagogically,” as filled with signs that can lead us to grace. In the end, however, all present experience of the sacred will be transcended in the eschatological kingdom of God.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2018 Provincial Council of the English Province of the Order of Preachers

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References

1 Congar, Yves, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit into a Christian Worldview?” in Philibert, Paul, ed., At the Heart of Christian Worship: Liturgical Essays of Yves Congar (Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 2010), 107-32Google Scholar; first published as Situation du ‘sacré’ en régime chrétien,” in Vatican II: La Liturgie après Vatican II—Unam Sanctam 66 (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1967), 385-403Google Scholar.

2 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 125.

3 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 123.

4 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 130.

5 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 125.

6 de Lubac, Henri, “Internal Causes of the Weakening and Disappearance of the Sense of the Sacred (1942),” in Theology in History, trans. Nash, Anne Englund (San Francisco: Ignatius press, 1996), 223-40Google Scholar; cf. de Lubac, Henri, A Brief Catechesis on Nature and Grace, trans. Arnandez, Richard (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1984Google Scholar; Original French, 1980).

7 Lubac, De wrote on and/or edited numerous works of Teilhard, including Teilhard Explained, trans. Buono, Anthony (New York: Paulist Press, 1968Google Scholar; Original French, 1966); Teilhard de Chardin: The Man and His Meaning, trans. Hague, René (New York: Hawthorn, 1966Google Scholar; Original French, 1964); The Faith of Teilhard de Chardin, trans. Hague, René (London: Burn & Oates, 1965Google Scholar; Original French, 1964); Teilhard et notre temps (Paris: Aubier, 1971)Google Scholar; and multiple other collections.

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11 de Chardin, Teilhard, La Messe sur le monde (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1965)Google Scholar.

12 Congar, Yves, Jesus Christ, trans. O'Neill, Luke (New York: Herder and Herder, 1966Google Scholar; Original French, 1965), 203 and 203 n.63: “The Church has not received the cosmic kingship of Christ, even though she participates in it to some degree. She does not transform the physical structures of the world;” “A single exception: the gift which is the Eucharist. . .”

13 Yves Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 110.

14 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 110.

15 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 122.

16 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 123.

17 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 123.

18 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 123n.42. Maritain, Jacques, Le Paysan de la Garonne (Paris: Desclée, De Brouwer, 1966Google Scholar); Citations of Maritain are taken from Cuddihy and Hughes's English translation. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968).

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20 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 50.

21 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 53; emphasis original.

22 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 57.

23 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 60-63.

24 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 61.

25 Maritain, The Peasant of the Garonne, 62-63.

26 See Kerr, Fergus, “Yves Congar and Thomism,” in Yves Congar: Theologian of the Church, ed. Flynn, Gabriel (Louvain: Peeters Press, 2005), 67-98Google Scholar.

27 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 115. “[U]n nouveau lieu est désigné où l'on rencontrera Dieu, à partir duquel son salut et sa sainteté seront communiqués: le corps du Christ immolé et vivant, du côté duquel sort pour le monde la source d'eau vive” (“Situation du ‘sacré’ en régime chrétien,” 390-91).

28 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 123.

29 Congar, Yves, Jesus Christ, trans. O'Neill, Luke (New York: Herder and Herder, 1966Google Scholar; Original French, 1965), 203.

30 Congar, Jesus Christ, 203.

31 Congar, Jesus Christ, 203n63.

32 “[T]he Incarnation has so thoroughly recentered the universe within the supernatural that, in the concrete, we can no longer seek to imagine toward what center the elements of this world would have gravitated, had they not been elevated to the order of grace” (Teilhard de Chardin, “Note of October 17, 1918,” cited by de Lubac, Teilhard Explained, 59).

33 De Lubac, Teilhard de Chardin: The Man and His Meaning, 9n4: “Matter and spirit are no longer for Teilhard ‘two compartments’, or ‘two things’, but ‘two directions.’”

34 de Chardin, Teilhard, Hymn of the Universe, trans. by Vann, Gerald (New York: Harper and Row, 1961), 137Google Scholar; emphasis original.

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37 De Lubac, “Internal Causes of the Weakening and Disappearance of the Sense of the Sacred (1942),” 231.

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39 Grumett, David, “Eucharist, Matter and the Supernatural: Why de Lubac Needs Teilhard,” International Journal of Systematic Theology 10 (2008): 165-78CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

40 Grumett, “Eucharist, Matter and the Supernatural,” 167.

41 “The world is the final, and the real, Host into which Christ gradually descends, until his time is fulfilled” (de Chardin, Teilhard, Science and Christ [London: Collins, 1968], 65Google Scholar).

42 Congar, Jesus Christ, 175-76.

43 Congar, Jesus Christ, 175-76; my emphasis.

44 Congar, I Believe in the Holy Spirit, 2:84.

45 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 125.

46 Teilhard, The Divine Milieu, 66.

47 Congar, Yves, The Mystery of the Temple: Or, The Manner of God's Presence to his Creatures from Genesis to the Apocalypse, trans. Trevett, Reginal F. (London: Burns & Oates, 1962 [1958]), 201Google Scholar.

48 Congar, I Believe in the Holy Spirit, 2:58; my emphasis.

49 Yves Congar, Jesus Christ, 71-72.

50 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 115.

51 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 130.

52 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 126-27.

53 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 126-27; “Situation du ‘sacré’ en régime chrétien,” 399-400.

54 Congar, Yves, Introduction to Vatican II: La Liturgie après Vatican II—Unam Sanctam 66 (Paris: Editions du Cerf, 1967), 11-15, at 12Google Scholar.

55 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 131.

56 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 109.

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59 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 124.

60 “The resurrection of Christ and his entry into his glory are not the total completion of the Christian economy, even if, in one sense, they achieve everything.These mysteries are actually a point of departure.Between his resurrection and personal triumph over death, on the one hand, and the accomplishment and restoration of all things . . . on the other hand, there exists a period of time about which Christ himself said that the Father alone in his omnipotence knows ‘the times and the seasons’ (Acts 1:7-8).This is precisely the time of the church. . .” (Congar, Yves, “The Structure of Christian Priesthood,” in Philibert, Paul, ed., At the Heart of Christian Worship [Collegeville, Minn.: Liturgical Press, 2010], 69-106, at 82Google Scholar).

61 Farrow, Douglas, Ascension and Ecclesia: On the Significance of the Doctrine of the Ascension for Ecclesiology and Christian Cosmology (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999), 212Google Scholar.

62 Congar, The Mystery of the Temple, 235.

63 Congar, I Believe in the Holy Spirit, 2:76; my emphasis.

64 de Chardin, Teilhard, The Heart of Matter, trans. Hague, René (New York: A Harvest Book, 1978), 47Google Scholar: “To Christify Matter, that sums up the whole venture of my innermost being.”

65 Teilhard, The Divine Milieu, 125-26.

66 Teilhard, The Divine Milieu, 61: “Beneath our efforts to put spiritual form into our own lives, the world slowly accumulates, starting with the whole of matter, that which will make of it the Heavenly Jerusalem or the New Earth.”

67 Grumett, “Eucharist, Matter, and the Supernatural,” 170.

68 Congar, Jesus Christ, 203.

69 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 124.

70 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 124; emphasis original.

71 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 125.

72 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 129.

73 Henri de Lubac, Brief Catechesis, 99.

74 Congar, “Where Does the ‘Sacred’ Fit,” 124.