COVID-19 pandemic: transformation from physical to virtual classrooms (mediation analysis using PLS-SEM)

The purpose of this paper is threefold: first, to examine the influence of the quality of online classes on student satisfaction and student loyalty; second, to explore the mediating role of student participation between online classes and student satisfaction; third, to examine the mediating role of student satisfaction between online classes and student loyalty.

The primary data is collected from the postgraduate students in Jammu and Kashmir, India. A descriptive research design was applied to collect the primary data via Google questionnaire with the COVID-19 pandemic in mind to maintain social distance.

The result reveals that online classes and student participation positively affect student satisfaction. Student participation is a partial mediator between online classes and student satisfaction, with 0.393 Variance Accounted For (VAF). In comparison, it is a full mediator between online classes and student loyalty with 0.96 VAF.

The current study was restricted to postgraduate students, while future research could include research scholars, graduate students, and others. Only government institutions in Jammu and Kashmir were employed for the present study. The study may eventually be expanded to include private universities and more states.

The suggested approach can help teachers, students, policymakers and administrators. The study emphasizes the crucial elements of student engagement and happiness, which must be prioritized to improve online teaching and learning effectiveness and win over students' loyalty.

The study tested the conceptual framework of an integrated approach connecting online classes, student participation, student satisfaction and student loyalty. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period, as it was the need of the hour to come out of such a crisis in the future. The present study can also provide a roadmap for transformation from physical to virtual classrooms.