Accelerated strategic computing initiatives (ASCI)

, 62

Accuracy

, 128

Active radio frequency identification

, 113

Activities performed

, 22

Actuators

, 40

Aerospace sectors

, 22–23

Aesthetics

, 88

After-sales marketing

, 23

Airbnb (business model)

, 80

Analog technologies

, 47–48

Apache (Operating system)

, 64

Appliances

, 40

Architectural engineering and construction (AEC)

, 70, 99, 119

Artificial intelligence (AI)

, 5, 29, 38, 68, 90, 94, 96, 118, 123, 126–127, 135

AI-based software systems

, 96

attacks

, 121

Assisting in monitoring

, 22

Audio-visual communication

, 93–94

Augmented reality (AR)

, 4–5, 38, 47–48, 87–88, 118

Automated building component operations

, 128

Automated Construction System

, 128

Automation

, 23, 41, 60, 76

Automotive sectors

, 22–23

Autonomous vehicles

, 128

Banks

, 50–51

Bayesian algorithm

, 136

Benchmarks

, 22–23

Beneficial cyber technology

, 18–19

Benefits

of connected machines for construction projects

, 43–44

of cyber technology for construction project

, 122

of digital technology for construction projects

, 32–33

of digital transformation for construction project

, 20

of DT in construction

, 137

of EE

, 53–54

of implementing smart contracts in construction industry

, 81–82

of MCC in construction management

, 69–70

of mechatronics in construction projects

, 128–129

of RFID

, 113–114

of smart computing for construction project

, 99–100

Better future

, 18–19

Big data

, 5

Biomimicry

, 5

Bit

, 85–86

Bitcoin

, 76–77

Blockchain

, 5, 78

technology

, 79, 87

Bluetooth

, 39

Bring Your Own Device Policy (BYOD Policy)

, 121

Budget

, 29, 36, 99, 170

Building

, 68

sites

, 67–68

industry

, 113–114

Building Information Modelling (BIM)

, 5, 23–24, 29, 38, 42, 47–48, 68, 88, 123, 135

Building information processing

, 119

Built industry

, 20, 49–50

Business

, 18–20, 76

model

, 80

strategies

, 97–98

Business Intelligence (BI)

, 97

applications of smart computing in construction using

, 97–99

Cambridge Technology Partners

, 101–102

Capacity gaps

, 10–11

Capital-intensive equipment

, 134

Carbon emissions

, 6–7, 12

Central processing units (CPUs)

, 100

Centre for Digital Built Britain (CDBB)

, 136

Challenges

in adoption of MCC in sustainable construction

, 70–71

of connected machines

, 42–43

of cyber technology in construction

, 121–122

of digital technology

, 31–32

of digital transformation for construction project

, 22–23

of ecological economies

, 51–53

of GC

, 64

of implementing smart contract in construction industry

, 81

of mechatronics in construction projects

, 129–130

of quantum computing

, 91

of SIM

, 10–11

of smart computing

, 100–102

Chemical dyes

, 22

Cisco

, 89

Clean development mechanisms (CDM)

, 50–51

Clients’ demands and expectations

, 19

Climate change

adaptation

, 7, 11

mitigation and adaptation

, 12

Cloud computing (CC)

, 69

Cloud-based smart mobile computing

, 97

Clusters

, 57–58

Cognitive radio

application

, 107

challenges

, 107–108

in construction

, 106

spectrum sensing techniques

, 106–107

Combinatorics

, 90

Common component architecture (CCA)

, 62

Communication networks

, 119

Community engagement

, 9

Competitive necessity

, 18–19

Competitors

, 18–19

Complexity of structures

, 27

Component XML (CXML)

, 62

Computational infrastructure

, 57–58

Computer numerical control (CNC)

, 126

Computer-aided design (CAD)

, 68–69, 126

Computers

, 93–94

Connected machines

, 39–40

benefits for construction projects

, 43–44

challenges of

, 42–43

in construction

, 40–41

digitalisation in construction

, 38–39

drivers of connected machines application in construction

, 41–42

for sustainable construction

, 41

Connectivity

, 23, 72

Construction

, 17, 300

application of DT in

, 90–91, 135–136

applications of smart computing in construction using BI

, 97–99

AR

, 87–88

barriers of DT in

, 136–137

benefits of DT in

, 137

business

, 87

challenges of cyber technology in

, 121–122

cognitive radio in

, 106

connected machines in

, 40–41

drones

, 87

cyber technology changing

, 119, 122–123

digital technology in

, 29–30

digitalisation in

, 18–19, 28, 38–39, 48, 77–78, 118

drivers of connected machines application in

, 41–42

drivers of cyber technology application in

, 119–120

drivers of digital technology application in

, 31

drivers of digital transformation application in

, 19–20

drivers of DT in

, 136

drones

, 4, 87

enterprises

, 50

GC work in

, 60–62

market

, 68

new trends in

, 86–89

quantum computing and drivers in

, 90

remote worksites and mobile access

, 88

rising material costs

, 88–89

smart cities

, 89

smart contracts

, 87

waste recycling

, 6

Construction 2025

, 30

Construction industry

, 3, 18, 28, 47–48, 68, 76, 93, 122, 127

benefits of implementing smart contracts in

, 81–82

challenges of implementing smart contract in

, 81

patterns

, 89

Construction information management

, 67

Construction management

, 4, 12

benefits of MCC in

, 69–70

Construction practices

, 22–23

Construction process

, 22, 33, 40, 86

Construction projects

, 41

connected machines benefits for

, 43–44

cyber technology benefits for

, 122

digital technology benefits for

, 32–33

digital transformation benefits for

, 20

mechatronics

, 127–130

smart computing benefits for

, 99–100

digital transformation challenges for

, 22–23

RFID in

, 112–113

Construction sector

, 17–18, 38–39, 118

application and technological solution of digital transformation in

, 21–22

Construction site

, 21–22, 43, 86–87

Construction work

, 22, 40, 127

Construction workers

, 21, 29–30, 67–69

Consumer experience

, 23

Contemporary technologies

, 28

Continuous friction welding

, 40

Contract administration process

, 81–82

Contract budget and duration

, 20

Contract change management (CCM)

, 77–78

Contractors

, 76, 81, 129

Contractual arrangement concept

, 79

Contractual period

, 28

Controlled Demolition

, 128

Cost

of implementation

, 137

maximisation

, 12

reduction

, 99

Cross-domain

, 59

Cryptocurrencies

, 5, 76

Customers’ satisfaction

, 19, 38

Cutting-edge construction management

, 112–113

Cyber security

, 5

Cyber Technology. See also Digital technology

, 117

benefits of cyber technology for construction project

, 122

BYOD policy

, 121

challenges of cyber technology in construction

, 121–122

changing construction

, 122–123

in construction

, 119

digitalisation in construction

, 118

drivers of cyber technology application in construction

, 119–120

drones

, 123

enabling technologies

, 119

ML and AI attacks

, 121

mobile devices, applications and project management software

, 123

possible unemployment

, 122

robotics

, 123

wearable technology

, 122

Data

, 22, 40

location

, 101

storage and management

, 20

Decentralisation

, 63

of administration

, 63

Decision support systems (DSS)

, 47–48

Decision-making

, 11

Delivery

, 5

and management

, 5

Demand

, 3, 6, 17–18, 88, 134

Design process

, 6

Deterministic contracts

, 81

Devices

, 39

Digital access

, 23

Digital advancement

, 18–19

Digital construction

, 5

Digital data

, 23

Digital disruption

, 18–19

Digital enterprise

, 19

Digital enthusiasm

, 23

Digital orientation

, 18–19

Digital platforms

, 21

Digital strategies

, 19, 33

Digital technology. (see also Cyber Technology)

, 4, 27–29

adoption

, 28

benefits of digital technology for construction projects

, 32–33

challenges of

, 31–32

in construction

, 29–30

digitisation in construction

, 28

drivers of digital technology application in construction

, 31

for sustainable construction

, 30–31

Digital transformation

, 4, 18, 28

application and technological solution in construction sector

, 21–22

benefits for construction project

, 20

challenges for construction project

, 22–23

digitalisation in construction

, 18–19

drivers in construction

, 19–20

Digital twin (DT)

, 134

application of DT in construction

, 135–136

barriers of DT in construction

, 136–137

benefits of DT in construction

, 137

drivers of DT in construction

, 136

origin and evolution of

, 134–135

Digitalisation

, 21, 86, 133–134

construction

, 18–19, 38–39, 48, 77–78, 118, 133

Digitisation in construction

, 28

Dirichlet tessellations

, 106

Disruptive technology

, 18–19

Drivers

of connected machines application in construction

, 41–42

in construction

, 90

of cyber technology application in construction

, 119–120

of digital technology application in construction

, 31

of digital transformation application in

, 19–20

of EE

, 54

Drones

, 5, 22, 29–30, 119, 123, 128

Duration

, 29, 99

Dynamism

, 59

Eco-citizenship

, 50

Ecological economics (EE)

, 48

benefits of

, 53–54

challenges of ecological economies

, 51–53

digitalisation in construction

, 48

drivers of

, 54

for sustainable construction

, 48–51

Economic development

, 12–13

Economic industries

, 47–48

Economic objectives, balancing

, 11

Economical mobile smart phones

, 69

Ecosystems

, 12, 48

Efficiencyc

, 8, 22, 72

Electronic devices

, 27

Embedded multimedia cards (eMMC)

, 95–96

Emergence of new digital world

, 19

Enablers

, 31

End-of-pipe technologies

, 51

Energy efficiency measures

, 6

Energy-saving technologies

, 6

Enhanced market

, 20

Environmental conservation

, 12

Environmental management systems (EMS)

, 50

Environmental objectives, balancing

, 11

Equipment

, 21–22

improved utilisation of

, 43

eScience

, 57–58

EU governments

, 101

European Network and Information SecurityAgency (ENISA)

, 100

Expenditure

, 22–23

Expertise

, 8

Face recognition, smart computing and

, 97

Facial expression recognition system

, 97

Fields

, 29, 126–127

Financial services

, 18–19

Financing

, 10

Firms

, 23, 29, 72

Flywheel friction welding

, 40

Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0)

, 5, 41, 48, 120

Functional aspect of technology

, 127

Funding

, 10

Fuzzy timestamps

, 60

Gadget

, 40, 112

RFID gadget

, 113–114

Gamification technologies

, 5

Global positioning system (GPS)

, 22, 112, 119

Globus

, 59

Goods and services

, 19–20

Governance

, 9

Governments

, 51

Green building

, 52–53

practices

, 6

Green construction materials

, 52–53

Green Investment Bank

, 51

Green transportation

, 6–7

Grid

infrastructure

, 62–63

middle-wares

, 59

workflow system

, 59

Grid computing (GC). (see also Quantum computing; Mobile cloud computing (MCC); Smart computing)

, 58

challenges of

, 64

characteristics of

, 63–64

community

, 62

devices

, 62–63

in today’s world

, 59–60

work in construction

, 60–62

Gridbus

, 59

GridFlow

, 59–60

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 17–18, 29

Growth

, 19, 57–58

Hard disk drives (HDDs)

, 95–96

Heating, ventilation and air condition (HVAC)

, 41–42

High altitudes

, 22

High-resolution camera

, 22

Humans

, 22, 128, 130

knowledge

, 37–38

Hybridised techniques

, 94

IBM (technological organisations)

, 89

Image-capturing technologies

, 119

Inclusivity

, 12

Industrial revolution

, 97–98, 134

Information

, 28, 112–113

Information communication and technology (ICT)

, 18–19, 21

ICT-related industry

, 122

Information security

, 70–71, 100

Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA)

, 100

Information technology (IT)

, 22–23, 68, 99, 137

cloud survey

, 69–70

Infrastructural developments

, 17–18

Infrastructure as a service (IAAS)

, 100

Infrastructure retrofitting, existing

, 11

Innovation

, 9

technological advancements and

, 10, 13

Intelligent building systems

, 125

Intelligent monitoring

, 22

Interconnected systems, complexity of

, 10

International commitments

, 13

International Data Corporation (IDC)

, 69–70, 100

International Data Group (IDG)

, 19–20

Internet of everything (IoE)

, 18, 47–48

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 5, 21, 37, 39, 47–48, 80, 107, 119

IoT-connected machines

, 40

Interserve’s Construction Delivery Application

, 29–30

Investments

, 10, 30–31

Just like pandemic

, 86–87

Key performance indicators (KPIs)

, 98

Knowledge

gaps

, 10–11

sharing

, 8

Kriging method

, 106

Lean construction

, 128–129

LED

, 6

Lending agencies

, 50–51

Level of literacy

, 43

Linux (Operating system)

, 64

Live Mesh (Microsoft)

, 97

Logistics

, 23, 97–98, 123

Long-term cost savings

, 13

Long-term planning

, 11

Loss of data

, 23, 70

Lower environmental footprint

, 6

Lowest possibility

, 21

Machine learning (ML)

, 5, 121

attacks

, 121

Machine system

, 127

Machines

, 21, 37–38

Mainframe computing

, 94

Maintenance and repair

, 18

management

, 3–5

Manufacturing industries

, 112

Matched filter

, 106

McKinsey Global Institute industry digitisation index (2015)

, 22–23

Mechatronics

, 126–127

accuracy and precisions

, 128

benefits of mechatronics in construction projects

, 128–129

challenges of mechatronics in construction projects

, 129–130

in construction projects

, 127–128

evolution of mechatronics engineering

, 126–127

high-quality productions

, 128–129

minimising financial loss

, 129

reduction of wastes

, 129

time saving

, 129

Microsoft

, 89

Migration

, 29

Miners

, 78–79

Mobile

accounting

, 97

computer

, 68–69

devices

, 123

healthcare

, 97

payment

, 97

Mobile cloud computing (MCC). (see also Grid computing (GC); also Quantum computing; Smart computing)

, 4, 68, 97

benefits in construction management

, 69–70

CC

, 69

challenges in adoption of MCC in sustainable construction

, 70–71

MC in construction

, 68–69

as solution to challenge of sustainable construction

, 71–72

Mobile computing (MC)

, 68

in construction

, 68–69

Mobile phones

, 29, 71–72

Mobility

, 6–7

Monitoring and Discovery Services (MDS)

, 64

Motivation

, 23

Motoblur (Motorola)

, 97

Multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs)

, 50

My SQL (Operating system)

, 64

Nanotechnology

, 5

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS)

, 18

National digital twin (NDT)

, 136

Near field communication (NFC)

, 39

Network accessibility

, 43

Network computing

, 94

Network of organizations

, 18–19

Network-enabled tools

, 70

New engineering contract (NEC)

, 77–78

Nodes

, 76–79

Noise uncertainty

, 107–108

Non-deterministic contracts

, 80–81

Normal working conditions

, 22

On-site digital technologies

, 29–30

Online transactions

, 97–98

Operating systems

, 64

Operation

, 18, 32–33, 39, 50, 135

Operation efficiencies

, 19–20

Oracles

, 80–81

Output

, 5, 29, 90, 118

Paradigm shift

, 18–19, 27, 118

Paris Agreement

, 13

Partnerships

, 10

Passive radio frequency identification

, 113

Peer-to-peer replication

, 76–77

Performance monitoring and evaluation

, 9

Personal computing

, 94

Planning

, 5–6, 135

Platform as a service (PAAS)

, 100

Policy

, 9

barriers

, 10

Population growth

, 13

Portable devices

, 119

Precisions

, 128

Prefabricated and Modular Construction (PMC)

, 42

Preliminary

, 22

Privacy

, 41, 121

Process

, 5

Productivity

, 12–13, 22, 28

Professionals

, 19–20, 29–31

Profit maximization

, 38, 119

Programmable logic controllers (PLC)

, 41–42

Programmable Sensitive Control Door (PSCD)

, 42

Project delivery

, 12, 117, 119

Project duration

, 19, 38, 81–82

Project enhancement

, 12

Project execution

, 4, 69

Project lifecycle

, 78

Project planning

, 3, 14, 18, 68, 93, 120

Project quality

, 12

Public and private organizations

, 18–19

Public health and safety

, 13

Quality

, 5, 12, 18–19, 29, 129

Quantum bit (Qubit)

, 85–86

Quantum computer architecture, history evolution of

, 86

Quantum computing. (see also Grid computing (GC); Mobile cloud computing (MCC); Smart computing)

applications in construction

, 90–91

challenges of

, 91

details of

, 89

history evolution of quantum computer architecture

, 86

new trends in construction

, 86–89

quantum computing and drivers in construction

, 90

in today’s world

, 90

Quantum processing

, 85–86

innovation

, 86

Quick and moderate recreation of compositional

, 88

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

, 39, 111–112

active

, 113

benefits of

, 113–114

in construction project

, 112–113

passive

, 113

reality

, 113

technology

, 21

Rainwater harvesting

, 6

Real estate sector

, 18–19

Regulatory audit compliance

, 101

Regulatory barriers

, 10

Regulatory compliance

, 101

“Regulatory” requirements

, 22

Remote worksites and mobile access

, 88

Resilience

, 7, 9

adaptation

, 11

Resources

, 8, 18

consolidation and coordination of

, 63

efficiency

, 12

Revenues

, 22–23

Risk

, 9–10, 18–19, 50, 101–102

management

, 9

Robotics

, 5, 29–30, 47–48, 68, 118, 123, 127

Robots

, 22–24

Safety monitoring devices

, 128

Satellite

, 39

Security monitoring devices

, 128

Self-monitoring, analysing and reporting technologies (SMARTs)

, 95–96

Sensors

, 40, 135

Service level agreement (SLA)

, 61–62, 101

Simulation

models

, 135

technology

, 135

Skill

, 28, 76

Small medium enterprises (SMEs)

, 99

Smart cities

, 89

Smart computation

, 18

Smart computing. See also Quantum computing; Grid computing (GC); Mobile cloud computing (MCC)

, 4, 96

additional risks and challenges

, 101–102

applications of smart computing in construction using BI

, 97–99

availability and disaster recovery

, 101

benefits of smart computing for construction project

, 99–100

challenges of

, 100–102

cloud-based smart mobile computing

, 97

cost reduction

, 99

data location

, 101

environment

, 99

information security

, 100

privileged user access

, 100

regulatory compliance

, 101

smart computing and AI

, 96

smart computing and face recognition

, 97

supporting programmes and applications

, 96–97

system flexibility

, 99

system maintenance

, 100

system mobility

, 99

works

, 95–96

Smart computing technology (SCT)

, 94–96

Smart contracts

, 4, 78–79, 87

benefits of implementing smart contracts in construction industry

, 81–82

challenges of implementing smart contract in construction industry

, 81

digitalisation in construction

, 77–78

setup

, 77

technology

, 76–77

in today’s world

, 79–80

types of

, 80–81

Smart Lighting System (SLS)

, 42

Smart phones

, 70

Social equity

, 9, 12

Software vulnerabilities

, 121

Solid-state drives (SSDs)

, 95–96

Spectrum sensing techniques

, 4, 106–107

Stakeholder

engagement and collaboration

, 11

engagement and social considerations

, 7

Standard of living

, 29

Storing

, 28, 69

Strategic flexibility

, 20, 86–87

Subcontractors

, 22–23, 76, 81

Supply chain management

, 71–72, 97–98, 135

Sustainability

, 3–4, 30

in construction

, 76

of construction industry

, 48

goals

, 13

indicators

, 7–8

Sustainable construction

, 3, 12, 76, 88, 117

challenges in adoption of MCC in

, 70–71

concept of

, 3–4

connected machines for

, 41

digital technology for

, 30–31

EE for

, 48–51

practices

, 9

Sustainable development

, 4, 30, 77, 119

Sustainable infrastructure

, 12–13

practices

, 12

projects

, 10

Sustainable infrastructure management (SIM)

, 4, 8

balancing economic and environmental objectives

, 11

challenges of

, 10–11

climate change mitigation and adaptation

, 12

collaboration and knowledge sharing

, 8

collaboration and partnerships

, 10

complexity of interconnected systems

, 10

concept of

, 8–10

economic development and job creation

, 12–13

economic viability

, 8

energy efficiency measures

, 6

environmental conservation

, 12

environmental considerations

, 8

existing infrastructure retrofitting

, 11

financing and funding

, 10

green transportation and mobility

, 6–7

innovation and technology

, 9

innovative technologies and future trends

, 8

international commitments and sustainability goals

, 13

knowledge and capacity gaps

, 10–11

long-term cost savings

, 13

long-term planning and decision-making

, 11

materials selection and waste management

, 6

monitoring and performance evaluation

, 7–8

need for

, 11–13

performance monitoring and evaluation

, 9

policy and governance

, 9

policy and regulatory barriers

, 10

public health and safety

, 13

resilience and climate change adaptation

, 7, 11

resilience and risk management

, 9

resource efficiency

, 12

social equity and community engagement

, 9

social equity and inclusivity

, 12

stakeholder engagement and collaboration

, 11

stakeholder engagement and social considerations

, 7

sustainable construction practices

, 9

sustainable design and planning

, 5–6

technological advancements and innovation

, 10, 13

urbanisation and population growth

, 13

water management strategies

, 6

Sustainable practices

, 3–5

Sustainable technologies

, 28–31

Synchronizing

, 21

System

flexibility

, 99

maintenance

, 100

mobility

, 70, 99

Technological innovations

, 23

Technological organizations

, 89

Technology

, 9

Third-generation images (3D images)

, 122

3D construction technologies

, 22

3D printing

, 23–24, 47–48, 127

Time

, 20

saving

, 129

Tools

, 27, 97

Torque converter

, 40

Traditional methods

, 27–28

Trend

, 4, 86–87

Trust-based model

, 76–77

United Kingdom, The

, 51

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 13

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)

, 38, 47–48

Urbanisation

, 13

Value chain

, 23

Values

, 33

Ventilation and air condition

, 41

Video streaming

, 22

Virtual organisations (VO)

, 61–62

Virtual prototyping

, 119

Virtual reality (VR)

, 5, 47–48, 68, 117–118, 136

Voluntary emission reductions (VER)

, 50–51

Waste management

, 6

practices

, 6

Wastewater recycling systems

, 6

Water

management strategies

, 6

scarcity

, 6

Wearable technology

, 122

Web services flow language (WSFL)

, 62

Whole life cycle

, 29, 48

Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi)

, 38–39

Wireless local area network (WLAN)

, 105–106

Wireless sensing

, 23–24

Wireless sensors

, 119

Without AI powered systems

, 96

Workflow techniques

, 59

Z-wave

, 39

ZigBee

, 39