Absorptive capacity of economy

, 189

Academic research

, 93

Accounting

curricula

, 85

departments

, 170

education

, 81, 85, 170

profession

, 72–73

for virtual assets in metaverse

, 73

Accuracy

, 62

Agency theory

, 266

Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030)

, 31

Algorithms

, 6

Amazon

, 4, 12–13

Amman Stock Exchange (ASE)

, 273

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

, 241

Ancash

, 250

econometric model

, 254

mathematical model

, 253–254

methodology

, 253–254

results

, 255–259

Ant colony optimizations (ACOs)

, 49

Applied knowledge

, 133–134

Art industry

, 74

Artificial Algae Algorithm (AAA)

, 49

Artificial intelligence (AI) (see also Business intelligence (BI))

, 4, 34, 92

contributions

, 5–6

customer behavior

, 10–11

and ethical issues

, 11–12

future of AI marketing

, 13–14

literature review

, 6–14

overview

, 6–7

relationship between marketing and

, 4–5

research methodology

, 6

research problem

, 5

Artificial neural networks

, 49

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)

, 106

Augmented reality (AR)

, 121

for experiential sustainability learning

, 121–122

Auto regression distributed lag model (ARDL model)

, 301

bounds test

, 301–304

Back propagation neural network (BPNN)

, 60

Bahrain Vision 2030

, 132–133

Balance-of-Payments

, 204

Bat algorithm (BA)

, 56

Big data

, 6–7

Biodiversity loss

, 210

Blockchain technology

, 34, 72, 121

and role in accounting for virtual assets

, 74

for transparent supply chains

, 123–124

Board independence

, 268–269, 273, 275

Board of directors

, 269

Board size

, 270, 276–277

Board structure

, 266

board independence and firm performance

, 268–269

board size and firm performance

, 270

CEO duality and firm performance

, 269–270

gender diversity on board and firm performance

, 271

literature review

, 268

method

, 271–273

population and sample of study

, 273

research objectives and importance

, 267–268

results

, 273–278

Bound test

, 307

Budget constraints

, 39

Business Analysis

, 171

Business enterprises

, 187

Business intelligence (BI) (see also Emotional intelligence (EI))

, 170

applications

, 170

data collection methods

, 174

higher education sector and public and private Jordanian universities

, 172

methodology

, 174

methods of data analysis

, 174

results

, 176–178

study hypotheses

, 172–173

study model

, 172

theoretical framework and previous studies

, 171–172

Business sustainability, ESG factors in

, 32–33

Capabilities

, 184–185

Capital accumulations

, 206

Capital consolidation

, 206

Capital-saving technology

, 207

Carbon footprint

, 211

Cash transfers

, 260

CEO duality

, 269–270, 275–276

Chatbots

, 92

ChatGPT

, 92–93

Classification using SVM

, 59–60

Climate change

, 18, 209–210

Climatic indicators

, 214

Cloud computing

, 34

Collaboration

, 135

Collaborative learning

, 20

Communication skills

, 135

Competitive Advantage

, 285

Competitiveness

, 285

Concentration indices

, 195–198

Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)

, 60

Constructivism

, 120–121

Content knowledge (CK)

, 156

Corporate governance

research

, 266

theories

, 266

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

, 49–50

Creative destruction

, 237

Credit analysts

, 19–20, 22

Critical thinking skills

, 132, 135

Cronbach’s alpha

, 109

Cryptocurrencies

, 72–73

Cuckoo algorithm (CA)

, 53–54

Cuckoo optimization algorithms

, 49

Cuckoo particle swarm optimization (C-PSO)

, 49

Cumulative sum of squares of the recursive residuals (CUSUMSQ)

, 305

Cumulative sum of the recursive (CUSUM)

, 305

Curriculum vitae (CV)

, 124

Customer behavior

, 10–11

Cybersecurity

risks

, 40

threats

, 39

Data analysis (DA)

, 49, 95

Data cleaning

, 51–52, 95

Data integration

, 52–53

Data management

, 95–96

Data normalization

, 52

Data privacy issues

, 40

Data sharing

, 95

Data visualization

, 95

Data Warehouses

, 171

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs)

, 75

Decentralized exchanges

, 74

Decimal scaling normalization

, 52

Decision support systems

, 171

Deep learning

, 6

Delegated proof-of-stake

, 74

Descriptive research design

, 136

Descriptive statistics

, 273

Desertification

, 210

DevOps

, 48–49

Diasporas to productive capabilities

, 190–192

Digital competencies

of teacher

, 155–156

in workforce

, 39

Digital education

, 119–120

Digital literacy deficit

, 40

Digital resources

, 19, 22

Digital technologies

, 18, 30, 118, 184–185, 191

unequal access to

, 39

Digital transformation

, 30

in achieving SDGs

, 35–36

case studies

, 37–38

challenges and ramifications

, 38–41

current trends and future predictions

, 41

in driving sustainability

, 34–37

roadmap

, 39

and sustainability

, 36

sustainable business practices

, 30, 34, 41–42

Distance education

, 154–155

Diversification indices

, 195–198

E-learning platforms

, 121

for sustainable business courses

, 123

Economic development

, 186

Economic diversification

, 184, 192, 198

Economic environment

, 289

Economic growth

, 204–205, 298

concept of

, 205–206

elements

, 206–207

growth indicators

, 207–208

theory

, 205–208

Economic resources indicator

, 214

Economic thought

, 205–206

Education

, 118, 298–299

Educational technologies (EdTech)

, 118–119

blockchain technology for transparent supply chains

, 123–124

challenges and obstacles in adopting and implementing

, 125

E-learning platforms for sustainable business courses

, 123

gamification for sustainable behavior change

, 122

research gap

, 119–120

strategies to overcome barriers

, 125–126

sustainable data analytics for evidence-based decision-making

, 124–125

tools for sustainable practices in education

, 120–121

VR and AR for experiential sustainability learning

, 121–122

Educators

, 119

Effective relationship skills

, 134–135

Egypt

, 298

data description

, 301

literature review

, 298–300

methodology

, 301–305

model

, 301–305

Emotional intelligence (EI)

, 224

and job success

, 224–225

methodology

, 226

results

, 226–229

teacher performance, emotional intelligence, and job engagement

, 225–226

Empathy

, 226

Employability

, 132–133

chi-square tests

, 142–143

correlation

, 140–142

demographic

, 138–139

descriptive analysis

, 139–140

factors influencing employability of fresh graduates

, 133–136

hypothesis of study

, 136–137

literature review

, 133–136

methodology

, 136–137

regression

, 144–145

reliability analysis

, 140

skills

, 132–133

Employment

, 285

Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (ENAHO)

, 253

Endogenous Growth Model

, 204–205

Endogenous theory

, 204

Energy indicators

, 214

Engagement

, 225

Entrepreneurial capabilities

, 186–187

Entrepreneurship

, 240

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)

, 31

factors in business sustainability

, 32–33

Environmental challenges

, 209–210

Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)

, 213

Error Correction Model (ECM)

, 304–305

Explicit knowledge

, 133–134

F1 measure

, 64–65

Feature extraction using PCA

, 57–59

Female education

, 298, 300

Financial inclusion

, 249–250

Financial services

, 252

Financing capabilities

, 39

Firm capabilities

, 186–187

Firm performance

, 268–269

board independence and

, 268–269

board size and

, 270

CEO duality and

, 269–270

Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA)

, 49

Foreign direct investment (FDI)

, 184

Forest Optimization Algorithm (FOA)

, 49

Formal employment

, 255

Fresh graduates, factors influencing employability of

, 133–136

Gamification

, 121

for sustainable behavior change

, 122

Gender diversity on board and firm performance

, 271, 277–278

Gender inequality

, 298

General job skills

, 133

Global competitiveness index

, 198

Global value chains

, 189, 194

Globalization

, 189–190

Google

, 6, 8

Google Bard

, 92–93

advancement of knowledge

, 96–97

capabilities

, 97–98

collaborative aspects of research

, 96

in data management

, 95–96

direct insights from

, 93–101

ethical usage and data privacy

, 101

improving accessibility and understanding of complex research topics

, 99–100

limitations or challenges

, 100–101

in organization, storage, and retrieval of research materials

, 98–99

specific AI technologies

, 94

specific examples

, 94–95

Google Meet

, 155

Governance

, 32–33

Green Bonds

, 18

Green finance

, 18

hypothesis testing of study

, 24

inferential results

, 23–24

materials and methods

, 20–21

results

, 21–24

Grey wolf optimization method

, 49

Gross domestic product (GDP)

, 184, 207–208, 251, 286–287, 301

Gross National Income (GNI)

, 208

Gross national product (GNP)

, 204, 207

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

, 184, 205

economic growth theory

, 205–208

environment challenges

, 208–212

theoretical framework

, 212–215

Gulf region

, 189–190, 192

Heaviside function

, 54–55

Higher education sector

, 172

Household health

, 288–289

Human capital

, 106, 206–207

Human development

, 284

literature review

, 285–289

methodology

, 289

results

, 289–290

Human development index (HDI)

, 284

Human Development Report (HDR)

, 288

Human resource (HR)

, 48

classification using SVM

, 59–60

data collection

, 51

experiments and results

, 60–65

feature extraction using PCA

, 57–59

KCM-DCBOA

, 53–57

methods

, 50–60

preprocessing

, 51–53

Human resource management (HRM)

, 48

“I learn at home” strategy

, 155

Inclusive growth

, 299

Income

, 250

Information and communication technology (ICT)

, 118, 134, 154, 185

teacher’s attitude toward use of

, 157–158

Information skills

, 134

Information technology (IT)

, 134, 159

skills

, 135

Infrastructure insufficiency

, 40–41

Initiatives

, 18

Innovation theory

, 237

Institutions

, 119

Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática de Perú (INEI)

, 253

Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)

, 112, 286

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

, 211

Internet of Things (IoT)

, 34

Internet services

, 40–41

Interpersonal competences

, 106–107

optimal performance

, 107–108

study of

, 108–109

Interpersonal skills

, 107

Job displacement risks

, 38

Job engagement

, 225–226

Job satisfaction

, 226

Jordan

, 266

Jordanian universities

, 170

Jumia in Uganda

, 35

K-C-means-data driven cuckoo bat optimization algorithm (KCM-DCBOA)

, 50–51, 53, 57

Knowledge

, 299

management

, 172

Kolmogorov–Smirnov test

, 23

Labor

, 206–207

Language Model for Dialogue Applications (LaMDA)

, 92–93

Large language models (LLMs)

, 94

Leadership

, 36–37, 135

skills

, 239

Levy flight

, 56–57

Lightning Network

, 75

Likert scale

, 109, 140

Linear classifier

, 60

Linear regression model

, 241

Linkages

, 186

Machine learning (ML)

, 6–7, 34–35, 92–94

Marketing

, 4–5

relationship between AI and

, 4–5

strategy

, 8

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

, 120–121

Mastery

, 112–113

Metaverse

, 72–73

accounting for virtual assets in

, 73

blockchain technology and role in accounting for virtual assets

, 74

challenges and limitations

, 74–75

future implications and opportunities

, 75

literature review

, 72–74

virtual assets in

, 73

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs)

, 35

Microenterprise survival (MES)

, 241

Microenterprises (MEs)

, 236

achievements

, 239–240

prosperity

, 238–240

Microentrepreneurs

, 240–241

innovation or Schumpeterian innovation theory

, 237

innovative capacity

, 238–239

leadership skills

, 239

literature review

, 236–237

methodology

, 240–241

multiple regression analysis

, 241

networking

, 239–240

regression analysis

, 241–243

risk-taking

, 240

Teoría del Liderazgo por Objetivos

, 237–238

Microsoft

, 37

Microsoft Teams

, 155

Mobile devices

, 34

Motivation

, 106

Motivational area

, 108

Multiple regression analysis

, 241

National University Santiago Antunez de Mayolo (UNASAM)

, 107, 109–110

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

, 92–94

Natural resources

, 206

Nature-inspired computing (NIC)

, 48–49

Neoclassical model of growth

, 204

Netflix

, 9–10

Networking

, 239–240

Neural network training

, 60–61

Neutral technology

, 207

New Growth Theory

, 204

Non-presential education in Peru

, 154–155

Nonfungible tokens (NFTs)

, 72–73

Nongovernmental organization (NGO)

, 134

Nonlinearity

, 300

Null hypothesis

, 145

Odds ratios

, 255

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)

, 286

p-value of test

, 226

Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

, 49

Pearson correlation

, 272

Pedagogical knowledge (PK)

, 156

Personal skills

, 135

Peruvian education system

, 154–155

Peruvian financial sector

, 18

Plant propagation techniques

, 49

Plasma

, 75

Pollution

, 211

Population

, 174

Poverty reduction strategies

, 251

Precision

, 62

Primary quantitative method

, 136

Principal component analysis (PCA)

, 50–51

feature extraction using

, 57–59

Privacy

, 11

Privacy-focused blockchain protocols

, 74

Private Jordanian universities

, 172

Problem-solving

, 135

Production linkages

, 186

Productive capacity

, 184, 186, 190

diasporas to productive capabilities

, 190–192

economic diversification

, 192–198

literature review

, 184–185

Productive resources

, 186

Productivity

, 285–286

Professionalism

, 135

Proof-of-stake

, 74

Public educational institutions

, 155

Public Jordanian universities

, 172

Public Relations Council of India (PRCI)

, 290

Quality of teaching

, 107–110

Quantitative research approach

, 136

R-squared value

, 226

Randomization

, 273

Rank Brain

, 6

Regional competitiveness index (RCI)

, 284

Regression analysis

, 228, 241, 243

Relationship management

, 226

Resistance to change

, 39–40

Resource management skills

, 137

Risk-taking

, 240

Risks analysis

, 173

Sample

, 174

Scalability

, 75

Schumpeterian innovation theory

, 237

Sea level rise

, 211–212

Secondary education

, 154

Secondary school teachers

, 154

digital competencies of teacher

, 155–156

methodology

, 158–159

non-presential education in Peru

, 154–155

results

, 159–162

teacher’s attitude toward use of ICTs

, 157–158

TPACK model

, 156–157

Self area

, 108

Self-awareness

, 226

Self-management

, 226

Short message service (SMS)

, 243

Singular value decomposition

, 59

Skepticism

, 39

Skill

, 299

Sliding window method

, 52

Smart contracts

, 74

Social indicator

, 214

Soft skills

, 19–20, 133

Solid waste

, 212

Solow’s Growth Model

, 204

Spearman’s correlation coefficient (Rho)

, 23–24

Spearman’s Rho

, 109

Stability tests

, 305

Stakeholders

, 79–80

industry’s perception of sustainability accounting practice and education

, 80–81

university’s perception of sustainability accounting education

, 81–85

Standard of living

, 284

State Bank of Vietnam

, 38

Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS)

, 273

Stewardship theory

, 269

Stratified random sampling

, 241

Successful marketing

, 11

Supply chain management

, 74

Support vector machines (SVMs)

, 50–51

classification using

, 59–60

Survival of microentrepreneurs

, 238–239

Sustainability

, 18–19, 30, 79–80, 205–206, 285

as competitive advantage and role of leadership

, 36–37

digital transformation

, 36

Sustainable business practices

, 30, 34, 41–42

definition and importance

, 30–32

ESG factors in business sustainability

, 32–33

need for businesses to transition to sustainable models

, 33–34

shaping future of

, 41–42

Sustainable data analytics for evidence-based decision-making

, 121, 124–125

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

, 31, 117–118

Sustainable finance

, 18

Sustainable growth

, 299

Sustainable practices

, 118

Sustainable public university

methodology

, 108–109

results

, 109–111

Tactical knowledge

, 133–134

Task Area

, 108

Teacher performance

, 225–226

Teacher’s attitude toward use of ICTs

, 157–158

Teamwork

, 20, 135

Techno-optimism

, 120–121

Technological change and progress

, 207

Technological literacy

, 40

Technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge model (TPACK model)

, 155–157, 162–163

Technology knowledge (TK)

, 156

Teoría del Liderazgo por Objetivos

, 237–238

Test’s specificity

, 64

Text mining techniques

, 49–50

Theory of planned behavior (TPB)

, 135–136

Theory of reasoned actions

, 135

Tokenization

, 74

Training data

, 101–102

Transferable skills

, 19

Trust building in digital era

, 39

Unilever

, 37

Unit root test

, 301

United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

, 35, 251, 288

Universities

, 82

education

, 170

perception of sustainability accounting education

, 81–85

Vinamilk

, 38

Virtual assets

accounting

, 74

in metaverse

, 73

Virtual real estate

, 72–73

Virtual reality (VR)

, 121

for experiential sustainability learning

, 121–122

Volume, velocity, and variety (three Vs)

, 6–7

Waste generation

, 212

Web intelligence (WI)

, 48

Wireless sensor network (WSN)

, 49

Work engagement

, 227

Work-saving technology

, 207

Workforce skills

, 40

Workplace skills

, 134

World Bank

, 286

World Competitiveness Year book

, 286–287

Zoom

, 155