The osteogenic and bacterial inhibition potential of natural and synthetic compound loaded metal–ceramic composite coated titanium implant for orthopedic applications
Abstract
Recent trends in biomedical research have focused on the design and development of biomaterials with multi-functional properties. These biomaterials with multi-functional properties can offer a successful path to the regeneration of soft or hard tissue. They can deliver therapeutic drugs to infected bone to repair osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, etc. Here, to improve bone healing and generate bacterial inhibition potential, we fabricated a novel osteoconductive and antibacterial scaffold containing a ceramic composite loaded with a combination of novel traditional (a mixture of garlic and ginger paste extract (GGe)) and modern (gentamicin (GTN)) antibiotics. The ceramic composite was made up of minerals (Zn2+ and La3+) substituted hydroxyapatite (MHAP) and chrysin (ChN) molecules. The novel MHAP/ChN/GGe/GTN composite prepared in-situ was then electrophoretically deposited on a surface-treated Ti plate at 50 V for 20 min. Various methods, such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and HR-TEM analysis, zeta potential and Vickers microhardness measurements, and immersion in SBF solution, were used to identify the physicochemical properties, mechanical strength, and bioactivity of the composites. The responses of all the prepared composites to bacteriostatic pathogens were evaluated via an agar disc diffusion method against MRSA and E. coli strains. The tested composite MHAP/ChN/GGe/GTN shows a better ZoI value against E. coli pathogens than composites loaded with a single antibiotic. In vitro biocompatibility studies were carried out on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells for 1, 4, and 7 days. Analysis of the growth of MG-63 cells on the MHAP/ChN/GGe/GTN composite via MTT and ALP assays and ARS staining shows the non-toxic and osteoblastic nature of the composite. However, numerous studies, such as in vivo testing and clinical trials, are needed to commercialize this MHAP/ChN/GGe/GTN-composite-coated Ti implant.