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Die Bedeutung von körperlicher Aktivität für die psychische Gesundheit

Published Online:March 16, 2022https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003820

Abstract

Abstract. Due to the worldwide high prevalence of psychiatric disorders and its association with sedentary behavior and comorbid physical diseases, increasing physical activity in psychiatric populations is of high importance. Regular physical activity is associated with increased mental wellbeing and has shown to have preventive effects on depression, anxiety disorders and probably sleep disorders. Additionally, positive effects on comorbid chronic physical diseases have been found. Exercise as treatment for several weeks has shown to have an antidepressant effect. Similar positive effects on symptoms have been found in anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. Therefore, assessing and promoting physical activity is advisable in clinical psychiatric practice. Patients should be coached to reach at least a weekly average of 150 minutes of moderate and/or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity. Establishing physical activity and exercise groups is of utmost importance for psychiatric outpatients.


Die Bedeutung von körperlicher Aktivität für die psychische Gesundheit

Zusammenfassung. Aufgrund der hohen weltweiten Prävalenz psychischer Erkrankungen und deren Assoziation mit inaktiven Verhaltensweisen und körperlichen Komorbiditäten kommt der Förderung körperlicher Aktivität bei psychisch erkrankten Menschen eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Regelmässiges Training ist mit verbessertem psychischem Wohlbefinden assoziiert und hat eine präventive Wirkung bezüglich der Entwicklung verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen wie Depressionen, Angststörungen und wahrscheinlich auch Schlafstörungen. Zudem fanden sich positive Effekte auf chronische körperliche Komorbiditäten. Regelmässiges Training über mehrere Wochen hat bei depressiven Erkrankungen einen nachweislichen antidepressiven Effekt. Ähnliche positive Effekte auf die Symptomatik konnten für Angsterkrankungen und Schizophrenie gezeigt werden. In der Praxis empfiehlt sich das strukturierte Erheben und Fördern körperlicher Aktivität psychiatrischer Patientinnen und Patienten mit dem Ziel, wöchentlich mindestens 150 Minuten moderate und/oder 75 Minuten intensive körperliche Aktivität zu erreichen. Der Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung ambulanter Sport- und Bewegungsangebote für Menschen mit psychischer Erkrankung spielt für die Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle.


L’importance de l’activité physique pour la santé mentale

Résumé. En raison de la prévalence élevée des maladies mentales dans le monde et de leur association avec des comportements inactifs et des maladies physiques comorbides, la promotion de l’activité physique chez les personnes souffrant de maladies mentales revêt une importance capitale. Un entraînement régulier est associé à une amélioration du bien-être psychique et a un effet préventif sur le développement de différentes maladies psychiques telles que la dépression, les troubles anxieux et probablement aussi les troubles du sommeil. De plus, des effets positifs ont été constatés sur des maladies physiques chroniques comorbides. Un entraînement régulier pendant plusieurs semaines a un effet antidépresseur avéré en cas de maladie dépressive. Des effets positifs similaires sur la symptomatologie ont été mis en évidence pour les maladies anxieuses et la schizophrénie. Dans la pratique, il est recommandé de recenser et d’encourager de manière structurée l’activité physique des patients psychiatriques, avec pour objectif d’atteindre au moins 150 minutes d’activité physique modérée et/ou 75 minutes d’activité physique intensive par semaine. La mise en place et le développement d’offres ambulatoires de sport et d’activité physique pour les personnes souffrant de troubles psychiques est une priorité importante pour l’avenir.

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