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Empirical path loss models for 5G wireless sensor network in coastal pebble/sand environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 November 2021

Ibrahim Bahadir Basyigit Open the ORCID record for Ibrahim Bahadir Basyigit [Opens in a new window]
Ibrahim Bahadir Basyigit*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Isparta 32260, Turkey
*
Author for correspondence: Ibrahim Bahadir Basyigit, E-mail: bahadirbasyigit@isparta.edu.tr
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Abstract

Propagation modeling of small/big pebbles and air-dry/wet sand environments for wireless sensor networks has not been extensively studied in the 5G frequency band. This study is necessary for the proper coverage planning and efficient operation of wireless sensors in various applications such as monitoring summer sporting activities, and environmental/ground surveillance on coastal pebble/sand environments, or tracking pebble mobility and including the rescue of the flood-type avalanche in Gravel-Bed Rivers. In this study, empirical path loss models are proposed for wireless sensor networks in pebble/sand environments at two discrete frequencies, namely 3.5 and 4.2 GHz. The theoretical models and proposed models are compared to indicate the accuracy of proposed models in predicting the path loss in these environments. Additionally, R-squared and RMSE values of eight different generated models are calculated in the range of 0.931–0.877 and 2.284–2.837, respectively. These comparisons indicate that empirical model parameters have a significant effect on the path loss model.

Keywords

path loss modelRF propagation5Gpebble/sand terrainscoastal environmentWireless Sensor Network (WSN)
Type
Microwave Measurements
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 14 , Issue 9 , November 2022 , pp. 1222 - 1231
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press in association with the European Microwave Association

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