¹ Bryce, James, International Relations: Eight Lectures Delivered in the United States in August, 1921 (London, 1922)Google Scholar.

² Sylvest, Casper, “James Bryce and the Two Faces of Nationalism,” in Hall, Ian and Hill, Lisa, eds., British International Thinkers from Hobbes to Namier (London, 2009), 161–79, at 185CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³ Bryce, James, Modern Democracies, 2 vols. (London, 1921)Google Scholar; Bell, Duncan, “Beyond the Sovereign State: Isopolitan Citizenship, Race and Anglo-American Union,” Political Studies 62/2 (2014), 418–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴ English, R. and Kenny, M., “Conclusion: Decline or Declinism?”, in English and Kenny, eds., Rethinking British Decline (Basingstoke, 2000), 279Google Scholar. For a recent attempt to think beyond the notion of decline see “Questioning Decline? Britain and the World after 1945” (2016), at http://mei.qmul.ac.uk/events/items/177286.html, accessed 20 June 2016.

⁵ Craig Calhoun, “Brexit Is a Mutiny against the Cosmopolitans”, Huffington Post, 27 June 2016.

⁶ “Make Britain Great Again? Donald Trump's Remarkable Reaction to Brexit” (2016), at www.npr.org/2016/06/24/483353866/make-britain-great-again-donald-trumps-remarkable-reaction-to-brexit, accessed 24 June 2016.

⁷ Overy, Richard, The Twilight Years: The Paradox of Britain between the Wars (London, 2010)Google Scholar.

⁸ “EU Referendum: How Significant Is Britain's Vote to Leave? Historians Debate” (2016), at www.historyextra.com/article/feature/eu-referendum-what-now-how-significant-britain-vote-leave-historians-debate, accessed 24 June 2016.

⁹ Cf. Moyn, Samuel and Sartori, Andrew, eds., Global Intellectual History (New York, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁰ The outpouring of historically minded textbooks delineates the recent attempt to form a more historically minded canon of international thought. Cf. Schmidt, Brian C., The Political Discourse of Anarchy: A Disciplinary History of International Relations (Buffalo, 1998)Google Scholar; Keene, Edward, International Political Thought: A Historical Introduction (Cambridge, 2005)Google Scholar; Ashworth, Lucian M., A History of International Thought (London, 2014)Google Scholar.

¹¹ See, among others, Armitage, David, Foundations of Modern International Thought (Cambridge, 2013)Google Scholar; Varouxakis, Georgios, Liberty Abroad: J. S. Mill on International Relations (Cambridge, 2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Bourke, Richard, Empire and Revolution: The Political Life of E. Burke (Princeton, 2015)Google Scholar; Whatmore, Richard, Against War and Empire: Geneva, Britain and France in the Eighteenth Century (Cambridge, MA, 2012)Google Scholar; Owens, P., Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt (Oxford, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hooker, W., Carl Schmitt's International Thought: Order and Orientation (Cambridge, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹² Manela, Erez, The Wilsonian Moment: Self-Determination and the International Origins of Anticolonial Nationalism (Oxford, 2007)Google Scholar; Sylvest, Casper, British Liberal Internationalism, 1880–1930: Making Progress? (Manchester, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Long, David and Schmidt, Brian C., eds., Imperialism and Internationalism in the Discipline of International Relations (Albany, 2005)Google Scholar; Sluga, Glenda, Nationalism in the Age of Internationalism (Philadelphia, 2014)Google Scholar; Laqua, Daniel, ed., Internationalism Reconfigured: Transnational Ideas and Movements between the World Wars (London, 2011)Google Scholar; Pitts, Jennifer, “Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism: An Appendix,” in Muthu, Sarkar, ed. Empire and Modern Political Thought (Cambridge, 2012), 351–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹³ See Bell, Duncan, Reordering the World: Essays on Liberalism and Empire (Princeton, 2016)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Sartori, Andrew, Liberalism in Empire: An Alternative History (Berkeley, 2014)Google Scholar; Muthu, Empire and Modern Political Thought; Kelly, Duncan, ed., Lineages of Empire: The Historical Roots of British Imperial Thought (Oxford, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mantena, Karuna, Alibis of Empire: Henry Maine and the Ends of Liberal Imperialism (Princeton, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pitts, Jennifer, A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France (Princeton, 2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mehta, Uday S., Liberalism and Empire: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Liberal Thought (Chicago, 1999)Google Scholar.

¹⁴ Cf. Skinner, Quentin, Visions of Politics: Regarding Method (Cambridge, 2002)Google Scholar; Freeden, Michael, Ideologies and Political Theory: A Conceptual Approach (Oxford, 1996)Google Scholar; Said, Edward W., The Text, the World, the Critic (Cambridge, MA, 1984)Google Scholar.

¹⁵ Bevir, Mark, The Logic of the History of Ideas (Cambridge, 1999), 174CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Bevir, “Ideology as distorted belief,” Journal of Political Ideologies 1/1 (1996), 107–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹⁶ Pitts, “Political Theory of Empire and Imperialism,” 363.

¹⁷ Said, Edward W., Orientalism (New York, 2004), xivGoogle Scholar.

¹⁸ Ibid. See also Said, Edward W., Representations of the Intellectual: The Reith Lectures (London, 1993)Google Scholar; Said, “The Clash of Ignorance,” The Nation, 22 Oct. 2001, at www.thenation.com/article/clash-ignorance, accessed 24 June 2016; Said, “The Academy of Lagado,” London Review of Books 25/8 (2003), 39; Said, “A Window in the World,” The Guardian, 2 Aug. 2003, at www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/02/alqaida.highereducation, accessed 24 June 2016.

¹⁹ Said, Edward W., “The Role of Public Writers and Intellectuals,” in Small, Helen, ed., The Public Intellectual (Oxford, 2002), 19–39, at 38CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁰ Mantena, Alibis of Empire, 180.

²¹ The term “contrapuntal” is a loan from the world of music theory. It refers to “an art of combination and re-combination, horizontal lines flowing together in an endlessly varied pattern of consonance and dissonance . . . a whole method for exploring and at the same time systematizing the world.” Said, Edward W., Music at the Limits (New York, 2008), 308Google Scholar. Said employed the term to denote a “hybrid,” “heterogeneous” perspective in life as well as a reading strategy. Said, Culture and Imperialism (London, 1993), 60Google Scholar; Said, Reflections of Exile and Other Essays (London, 1994), 186Google Scholar.

²² In 2007 a scholar of international relations noted that “hardly a day or month goes by now without yet another jeremiad appearing to describe the ‘sorrows of empire’, why the hegemonic moment has passed, or why the United States have developed a severe case of impotence.” Cox, Michael, “Is the United States in Decline Again? An Essay,” International Affairs 83/4 (2007), 643–53, at 650CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²³ It should be noted in passing that some of Morefield's thinkers have complicated national identities. A sustained exploration of Zimmern's central European Jewish heritage, Smut's Afrikaner background, Ferguson's Scottish heritage and Ignatieff's Canadian identity would further complicate their understandings of Anglo-American imperium.

²⁴ Bell, Duncan, The Idea of Greater Britain: Empire and Future World Order 1860–1900 (Princeton, 2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

²⁵ Curtis, Lionel, ed., The Commonwealth of Nations (London, 1918)Google Scholar; see also A. May, “The Round Table, 1910–1966” (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Oxford, 1996).

²⁶ Morefield, Empires without Imperialism, 136.

²⁷ Ferguson, Niall, Colossus: The Rise and Fall of American Empire (London, 2009)Google Scholar; Ferguson, Empire: How Britain Made the Modern World (London, 2004)Google Scholar; Ferguson, Civilisation: The Six Killer Apps of Western Power (London, 2012)Google Scholar.

²⁸ Morefield, Empires without Imperialism, 166.

²⁹ Hirst, F. W., Murray, G. and Hammond, J. L., Liberalism and Empire (London, 1900)Google Scholar.

³⁰ Cf. Vasunia, Phiroze, The Classics and Colonial India (Oxford, 2013), 119–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³¹ Morefield, Empires without Imperialism, 63.

³² Thucydides’ Melian dialogue was first introduced in an international-relations journal by Leonard Woolf in 1920. Vitalis, Robert, White World Order, Black Power Politics (London, 2015), 170Google Scholar.

³³ Morefield, Empires without Imperialism, 72.

³⁴ Ibid., 89.

³⁵ Ibid., 21.

³⁶ Ibid., 228.

³⁷ Ibid., 81.

³⁸ Ibid., 235, 237–8.

³⁹ Ibid., 239.

⁴⁰ Pedersen, Susan, The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire (London, 2015), 406CrossRefGoogle Scholar. On the contribution of “imperial internationalism” to the greater autonomy of the British Empire's white dominions see Gorman, Daniel, The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s (Cambridge, 2014)Google Scholar.

⁴¹ Chinard, G., “Preface,” in Chinard, ed., The Letters of Lafayette and Jefferson (Baltimore, 1923), vii–xiv, at viiiGoogle Scholar.

⁴² Parmar, I., Think Tanks and Power in Foreign Policy: A Comparative Study of the Role and Influence of the Council of Foreign Relations and the Royal Institute of Foreign Affairs, 1939–1945 (London, 2004), 193CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴³ Cf. Yearwood, P., Guarantee of Peace: The League of Nations in British Policy 1914–25 (Oxford, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Pedersen, The Guardians.

⁴⁴ McCarthy, Helen, The British People and the League of Nations (Manchester, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁵ Galsworthy, John, International Thought (Cambridge, 1923)Google Scholar.

⁴⁶ Ibid., 5–8, esp. 7.

⁴⁷ Gibbons, H. A., Nationalism and Internationalism (New York, 1930), 270Google Scholar.

⁴⁸ This is the view adopted by Gorman, The Emergence of International Society in the 1920s, 2.

⁴⁹ Armitage, Foundations of Modern International Thought, 26. See also Stawell, F. Melian, The Growth of International Thought (London, 1929)Google Scholar.

⁵⁰ Wilson, Peter, “The Myth of the ‘First Great Debate’,” Review of International Studies 24/5 (1998), 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ashworth, Lucian, Creating International Studies: Angell, Mitrany and the Liberal Tradition (Aldershot, 1999)Google Scholar; Long, David and Wilson, Peter, eds., Thinkers of the Twenty Year's Crisis: Inter-war Idealism Reassessed (Oxford, 1995)Google Scholar; Long, David, Towards a New Liberal Internationalism: The International Theory of J. A. Hobson (Cambridge, 1996)Google Scholar; Wilson, Peter The International Theory of Leonard Woolf: A Study in Twentieth-Century Idealism (London, 2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁵¹ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 39.

⁵² Ibid., 42.

⁵³ Cf. Sylvest, British Liberal Internationalism.

⁵⁴ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 63.

⁵⁵ Bosco, Andrea, ed., The Federal Idea (New York, 1992)Google Scholar; Burgess, Michael, Federalism and the European Union: The Building of Europe, 1950–2000 (London, 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁵⁶ Mitrany, David, A Working Peace System (London: RIIA, 1943)Google Scholar; Rosenboim, Or, “From the Private to the Public and Back Again: The International Thought of David Mitrany, 1940–1949,” Cahiers Européens 2 (2013), 2–25Google Scholar.

⁵⁷ Hayek, Friedrich, Road to Serfdom (London, 1944)Google Scholar.

⁵⁸ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 84.

⁵⁹ Taylor, A. J. P., The Trouble-Makers (Bloomington, 1958)Google Scholar.

⁶⁰ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 111, 124.

⁶¹ Ibid., 124.

⁶² Ibid., 168.

⁶³ See also Hall, I., ed., Radicals and Reactionaries in Twentieth-Century International Thought (London, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁴ Guilhot, Nicolas, “One Discipline, Many Histories,” in Guilhot, ed., The Invention of International Relations Theory: Realism, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the 1954 Conference on Theory (New York, 2011), 1–32, at 3Google Scholar. See also Bell, Duncan, “Writing the World: Disciplinary History and Beyond,” International Affairs 85/1 (2009), 3–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar. On the developments in the American setting cf. Guilhot, Nicolas, “The International Circulation of International Relations Theory,” in Kleim, W., Çelik, E. and Wöhrer, V., eds., Global Knowledge Production in the Social Sciences: Made in Circulation (London, 2014), 63–86, at 73–5Google Scholar.

⁶⁵ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 135.

⁶⁶ Ibid., 136.

⁶⁷ Vitalis, White World Order, Black Power Politics, 125; Hodson, H. V., “Race Relations in the Commonwealth,” International Affairs 26/3 (1950), 305–15CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Harper, N. D., “Race Relations and the Commonwealth of Nations,” Australian Outlook 8/4 (1954),193–203CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁸ Hall, Dilemmas of Decline, 171. Cf. Hall, Ian, “‘Building the Global Network?’ The Reform of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office under New Labour,” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 15/2 (2013), 228–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁹ “Viewpoint: Boris Johnson and His ‘Colonial’ Views on Africa” (2016), at www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-36796528, accessed 14 July 2016.