Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-m9kch Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-06-01T05:39:18.128Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Susceptibility to Febrile Seizures: More Than Just a Faulty Thermostat!

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Asuri N. Prasad
Affiliation:
Pediatrics & Clinical Neurosciences, Dept. of Pediatrics, Schulich Medicine & Dentistry, Children’s Hospital at London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario
Shashi S. Seshia*
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
*
10 Stockton Place, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3P 1X2, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2009

References

1.Consensus statement. febrile seizures: Long-term management of children with fever-associated seizures. Pediatrics. 1980;66(6):100912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Nelson, KB, Ellenberg, JH. Prognosis in children with febrile seizures. Pediatrics. 1978;61(5):7207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Gordon, KE, Dooley, JM, Wood, EP, Bethune, P. Is temperature regulation different in children susceptible to febrile seizures? Can J Neurol Sci. 2009;36:1925.Google ScholarPubMed
4. Bethune, P, Gordon, K, Dooley, J, Camfield, C, Camfield, P. Which child will have a febrile seizure? Am J Dis Child. 1993;147(1): 359.Google ScholarPubMed
5. Rantala, H, Uhari, M, Hietala, J. Factors triggering the first febrile seizure. Acta Paediatr. 1995;84(4):40710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Millichap, JG. Studies in febrile seizures. I. height of body temperature as a measure of the febrile-seizure threshold. Pediatrics. 1959;23(1 Part 1):7685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Millichap, JG, Millichap, JJ. Role of viral infections in the etiology of febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol. 2006;35(3):16572.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Lennox, MA, Sibley, WA, Zimmerman, HM. Fever and febrile convulsions in kittens: a clinical, electroencephalographic, and histopathologic study. J Pediatr. 1954;45(2):17990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Holtzman, D, Obana, K, Olson, J. Hyperthermia-induced seizures in the rat pup: A model for febrile convulsions in children. Science. 1981;213(4511):10346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. McCaughran, JA Jr, Schechter, N. Experimental febrile convulsions: long-term effects of hyperthermia-induced convulsions in the developing rat. Epilepsia. 1982;23(2):17383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Liebregts, MT, McLachlan, RS, Leung, LS. Hyperthermia induces age-dependent changes in rat hippocampal excitability. Ann Neurol. 2002;52(3):31826.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12. Elmquist, JK, Scammell, TE, Saper, CB. Mechanisms of CNS response to systemic immune challenge: the febrile response. Trends Neurosci. 1997;20(12):56570.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Rantala, H, Tarkka, R, Uhari, M. Systematic review of the role of prostaglandins and their synthetase inhibitors with respect to febrile seizures. Epilepsy Res. 2001;46(3):2517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Masuyama, T, Matsuo, M, Ichimaru, T, Ishii, K, Tsuchiya, K, Hamasaki, Y. Possible contribution of interferon-alpha to febrile seizures in influenza. Pediatr Neurol. 2002; 27(4):28992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Vezzani, A, Baram, TZ. New roles for interleukin-1 beta in the mechanisms of epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr. 2007;7(2):4550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16. Schuchmann, S, Schmitz, D, Rivera, C, Vanhatalo, S, Salmen, B, Mackie, K, et al. Experimental febrile seizures are precipitated by a hyperthermia-induced respiratory alkalosis. Nat Med. 2006;12(7):81723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17. Daoud, AS, Batieha, A, Abu-Ekteish, F, Gharaibeh, N, Ajlouni, S, Hijazi, S. Iron status: a possible risk factor for the first febrile seizure. Epilepsia. 2002;43(7):7403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Lennox-Buchthal, MA. Febrile convulsions. A reappraisal. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1973;32 Suppl:1138.Google ScholarPubMed
19. Berg, AT, Shinnar, S, Hauser, WA, Alemani, M, Shapiro, ED, Salomon, ME, et al. A prospective study of recurrent febrile seizures. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(16):11227.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Waruiru, C, Appleton, R. Febrile seizures: an update. Arch Dis Child. 2004;89(8):7516.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Corey, LA, Berg, K, Pellock, JM, Solaas, MH, Nance, WE, DeLorenzo, RJ. The occurrence of epilepsy and febrile seizures in Virginian and Norwegian twins. Neurology. 1991;41(9):14336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22. Kjeldsen, MJ, Kyvik, KO, Friis, ML, Christensen, K. Genetic and environmental factors in febrile seizures: a Danish population-based twin study. Epilepsy Res. 2002;51(1-2):16777.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Nakayama, J, Arinami, T. Molecular genetics of febrile seizures. Epilepsy Res. 2006;70 Suppl 1:S1908.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Escayg, A, Heils, A, MacDonald, BT, Haug, K, Sander, T, Meisler, MH. A novel SCN1A mutation associated with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus-and prevalence of variants in patients with epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;68(4):86673.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Harkin, LA, Bowser, DN, Dibbens, LM, Singh, R, Phillips, F, Wallace, RH, et al. Truncation of the GABA(A)-receptor gamma2 subunit in a family with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. Am J Hum Genet. 2002;70(2):5306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Baulac, S, Gourfinkel-An, I, Nabbout, R, Huberfeld, G, Serratosa, J, Leguern, E, et al. Fever, genes, and epilepsy. Lancet Neurol. 2004;3(7):42130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Baulac, S, Gourfinkel-An, I, Couarch, P, Depienne, C, Kaminska, A, Dulac, O, et al. A novel locus for generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus in french families. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(7): 94351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Sun, H, Zhang, Y, Liang, J., Liu, Ma X, Wu, H, et al. SCN1A, SCN1B, and GABRG2 gene mutation analysis in Chinese families with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus. J Hum Genet. 2008;53(8):76974.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Nabbout, R, Gennaro, E, Dalla Bernardina, B, Dulac, O, Madia, F, Bertini, E, et al. Spectrum of SCN1A mutations in severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy. Neurology. 2003;60(12):19617.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Ceulemans, BP, Claes, LR, Lagae, LG. Clinical correlations of mutations in the SCN1A gene: from febrile seizures to severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Pediatr Neurol. 2004;30(4): 23643.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Kang, JQ, Shen, W, Macdonald, RL. Why does fever trigger febrile seizures? GABAA receptor gamma2 subunit mutations associated with idiopathic generalized epilepsies have temperature-dependent trafficking deficiencies. J Neurosci. 2006;26(9):25907.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32. Hindocha, N, Nashef, L, Elmslie, F, Birch, R, Zuberi, S, Al-Chalabi, A, et al. Two cases of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy in a GEFS+ family with an SCN1A mutation. Epilepsia. 2008;49(2): 3605.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33. Mazumdar, M. Febrile seizures and risk of death. Lancet. 2008;372 (9637):42930.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Wallace, S. Neurological and intellectual deficits: convulsions with fever viewed as acute indications of life-long developmental defects. In: Brazier, MAB, Coceani, F, editors. Brain dysfunction in infantile febrile convulsions. New York: Raven Press; 1976. p. 25977.Google Scholar
35. Germano, IM, Zhang, YF, Sperber, EF, Moshé, SL. Neuronal migration disorders increase susceptibility to hyperthermia-induced seizures in developing rats. Epilepsia. 1996;37(9): 90210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36. Scantlebury, MH, Ouellet, PL, Psarropoulou, C, Carmant, L. Freeze lesion-induced focal cortical dysplasia predisposes to atypical hyperthermic seizures in the immature rat. Epilepsia. 2004;45(6):592600.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Hesdorffer, DC, Chan, S, Tian, H, Hauser, AW, Dayan, P, Leary, LD, et al. Are MRI-detected brain abnormalities associated with febrile seizure type? Epilepsia. 2008;49(5):76571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38. Commission on Classification and Terminology. International League Against Epilepsy. Available from: http://www.ilae.org/Visitors/Centre/ctf/ctfoverview.cfm Google Scholar
39. Engel, J Jr. Report of the ILAE classification core group. Epilepsia. 2006;47(9):155868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed