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Adaptation and evaluation of an ELISA for Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in elephants and its application to a serological survey in Thailand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2017

MARGOT CAMOIN ,
ARTHUR KOCHER ,
PIANGJAI CHALERMWONG ,
SARAWUT YANGTARRA ,
NIKORN THONGTIP ,
SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG Open the ORCID record for SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG [Opens in a new window]  and
MARC DESQUESNES
MARGOT CAMOIN
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
ARTHUR KOCHER
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France
PIANGJAI CHALERMWONG
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
SARAWUT YANGTARRA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
NIKORN THONGTIP
Affiliation:
Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kamphaeng Saen, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
MARC DESQUESNES
Affiliation:
Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), UMR Intertryp, F-34398 Montpellier, France Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
*Corresponding author. Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. E-mail: fvetspj@ku.ac.th
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Summary

Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, is widespread in domestic livestock and wildlife in South East Asia. Surra can affect cattle, buffaloes, horses and also Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Despite the ‘threatened to extinction’ CITES status of elephant, surra's impact has not been thoroughly assessed yet in this species. This work offers to adapt an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol, to detect Trypanosoma evansi antibodies in elephant serum. The test was validated with 365 negative-reference samples, which allowed the determination of a 16% positive threshold. The test was applied to a serological survey including 375 individuals. The estimated global seroprevalence was 2·1% (95% CI 1·1–4·2%). Therefore, surra does not appear to be endemic in Thai domestic elephants, but occasional outbreaks were reported to our laboratory during the survey period. These outbreaks seemed to be linked to close proximity to cattle or buffaloes, and led to severe clinical signs in elephants. Frequent relapses were observed after treatment with diminazene aceturate, the only trypanocide drug currently available in Thailand. Therefore, care should be taken to keep elephants away from bovine reservoirs, and to monitor the disease in this endangered species. ELISA proved to be reliable for screening purposes as well as for post-treatment monitoring.

Keywords

ElephantTrypanosoma evansisurraELISAapplication
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 145 , Issue 3 , March 2018 , pp. 371 - 377
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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