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Geographical patterns of Toxoplasma gondii genetic diversity revealed by multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2013

E. KEATS SHWAB ,
XING-QUAN ZHU ,
DEBASHREE MAJUMDAR ,
HILDA F. J. PENA ,
SOLANGE M. GENNARI ,
JITENDER P. DUBEY  and
CHUNLEI SU
E. KEATS SHWAB
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
XING-QUAN ZHU
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China
DEBASHREE MAJUMDAR
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
HILDA F. J. PENA
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
SOLANGE M. GENNARI
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
JITENDER P. DUBEY
Affiliation:
Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
CHUNLEI SU*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730046, People's Republic of China
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. E-mail: csu1@utk.edu
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Summary

In recent years, an extensive collection of Toxoplasma gondii samples have been typed using a set of 10 PCR-RFLP genetic markers. Here we summarize the data reported until the end of 2012. A total of 1457 samples were typed into 189 genotypes. Overall, only a few genotypes dominate in the northern hemisphere, which is in stark contrast to the southern hemisphere where hundreds of genotypes coexist with none being notably dominant. PCR-RFLP genotype #1 (Type II clonal), #2 (Type III), #3 (Type II variant) and #10 (Type I) are identified globally. Genotypes #2 and #3 dominate in Africa, genotypes #9 (Chinese 1) and #10 are prevalent in Asia, genotypes #1, #2 and #3 are prevalent in Europe, genotypes #1, #2, #3, #4 and #5 dominate in North America (#4 and #5 are collectively known as Type 12). In Central and South America, there is no clear dominance of any genotype even though a few have relatively higher frequencies. Statistical analysis indicates significant differences among populations in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Central and South America, with only Europe and North America exhibiting similar diversity. Collectively, the results revealed distinct population structures and geographical patterns of diversity in T. gondii.

Keywords

Toxoplasma gondiiPCR-RFLPgenotypingpopulation structuregenetic diversity
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 141 , Issue 4 , April 2014 , pp. 453 - 461
Creative Commons
This is a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013

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