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Surnames in south-eastern France: structure of the rural population during the 19th century through isonymy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 December 2021

Célia Kamel Open the ORCID record for Célia Kamel [Opens in a new window] ,
Bérengère Saliba-Serre ,
Marie-Hélène Lizee ,
Michel Signoli  and
Caroline Costedoat
Célia Kamel*
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
Bérengère Saliba-Serre
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
Marie-Hélène Lizee
Affiliation:
RECOVER-INRAE, Aix-en-Provence, France
Michel Signoli
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
Caroline Costedoat
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, EFS, ADES, Marseille, France
*
*Corresponding author. Email: celiakamel1@gmail.com
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Abstract

An analysis of the distribution of surnames through time and space allows us to understand the structure of human groups, their exchanges or even their possible isolation. The French population has already been studied through surnames and it has been shown that the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region differed from the rest of France in both the 20th and 21st centuries (Mourrieras et al., 1995; Scapoli et al., 2005). The objective of this study was to understand the population evolution and particularities of the Sud-Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region through an analysis of the distribution of surnames over an earlier period: the 19th century. For this work, 806,069 birth records from 521 communes between 1810 and 1890 were recorded and a total of 23,340 surnames were collected. The estimation of various isonymic parameters has allowed a description of this corpus never exploited before. In order to appreciate the population evolution, the data set was divided into three periods of 25 years. The canton was the geographical unit of this study, and similarities and differences between each of them were evaluated using Lasker distances, which allow the construction of dendrograms. A positive and significant correlation (p<0.0001) was found between Lasker distances and geographical distances using the Mantel test. The lowest inbreeding estimates were found in the Durance Valley. Migration, estimated from the v-index of Karlin and McGregor (1967), showed higher values in the south-western quarter of the region. The decrease in R st values across the three periods is consistent with a homogenization of the patronymic between the cantons. This three-period approach showed a population evolution influenced by linguistic, cultural, historical and migratory phenomena since the Middle Ages, disrupted by the socioeconomic changes of the 19th century.

Keywords

Human population biologyMigration and social mobilityDemography
Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Biosocial Science , Volume 55 , Issue 1 , January 2023 , pp. 174 - 189
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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