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Structural features of condensed tannins affect in vitro ruminal methane production and fermentation characteristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2016

N. T. HUYEN ,
C. FRYGANAS ,
G. UITTENBOGAARD ,
I. MUELLER-HARVEY ,
M. W. A. VERSTEGEN ,
W. H. HENDRIKS  and
W. F. PELLIKAAN
N. T. HUYEN*
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
C. FRYGANAS
Affiliation:
Chemistry & Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, UK
G. UITTENBOGAARD
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
I. MUELLER-HARVEY
Affiliation:
Chemistry & Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6AT, UK
M. W. A. VERSTEGEN
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
W. H. HENDRIKS
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, PO Box 80·163, 3508 TD Utrecht, the Netherlands
W. F. PELLIKAAN
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: nthuyencnts@gmail.com
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Summary

An in vitro study was conducted to investigate the effects of condensed tannin (CT) structural properties, i.e. average polymer size (or mean degree of polymerization), percentage of cis flavan-3-ols and percentage of prodelphinidins in CT extracts on methane (CH4) production and fermentation characteristics. Condensed tannins were extracted from eight plants in order to obtain different CT types: blackcurrant leaves, goat willow leaves, goat willow twigs, pine bark, redcurrant leaves, sainfoin plants, weeping willow catkins and white clover flowers. They were analysed for CT content and CT composition by thiolytic degradation, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Grass silage was used as a control substrate. Condensed tannins were added to the substrate at a concentration of 40 g/kg, with or without polyethylene glycol (+ or −PEG 6000 treatment) to inactivate tannins, then incubated for 72 h in mixed buffered rumen fluid from three different lactating dairy cows per run. Total cumulative gas production (GP) was measured by an automated GP system. During the incubation, 12 gas samples (10 µl) were collected from each bottle headspace at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 56 and 72 h of incubation and analysed for CH4. A modified Michaelis-Menten model was fitted to the CH4 concentration patterns and model estimates were used to calculate total cumulative CH4 production (GPCH4). Total cumulative GP and GPCH4 curves were fitted using biphasic and monophasic modified Michaelis-Menten models, respectively. Addition of PEG increased GP, GPCH4, and CH4 concentration compared with the −PEG treatment. All CT types reduced GPCH4 and CH4 concentration. All CT increased the half time of GP and GPCH4. Moreover, all CT decreased the maximum rate of fermentation for GPCH4 and rate of substrate degradation. The correlation between CT structure and GPCH4 and fermentation characteristics showed that the proportion of prodelphinidins within CT had the largest effect on fermentation characteristics, followed by average polymer size and percentage of cis flavan-3-ols.

Type
Animal Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 154 , Issue 8 , November 2016 , pp. 1474 - 1487
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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