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Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D insufficiency in Brazilian children under 5 years of age: Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 August 2023

Paula Normando ,
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro ,
Flávia Fioruci Bezerra ,
Talita Lelis Berti ,
Neilane Bertoni ,
Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda ,
Nadya Helena Alves-Santos ,
Maiara Brusco de Freitas  and
Gilberto Kac Open the ORCID record for Gilberto Kac [Opens in a new window]
Paula Normando
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
Inês Rugani Ribeiro de Castro
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Flávia Fioruci Bezerra
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Talita Lelis Berti
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
Neilane Bertoni
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil Divisão de Pesquisa Populacional, Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Elisa Maria de Aquino Lacerda
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
Affiliation:
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde e Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Pará, Brazil
Maiara Brusco de Freitas
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
Gilberto Kac*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
*
*Corresponding author: Gilberto Kac, email gilberto.kac@gmail.com
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Abstract

To analyse the association of socio-demographic and health factors with vitamin D insufficiency and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration in Brazilian children aged 6–59 months. Data from 8145 children from the Brazilian National Survey on Child Nutrition (ENANI-2019) were analysed. The serum concentration of 25(OHD)D was measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l) and 95 % CI was calculated. Logistic and linear regression models were used to identify the variables associated with vitamin D insufficiency and serum 25(OH)D concentrations, respectively. The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 98·6 ± 36·0 nmol/l, and 4·3 % of the children presented vitamin D insufficiency. Children aged 6–23 months (OR = 2·23; 95 % CI 1·52, 3·26); belonging to Southeast (OR = 5·55; 95 % CI 2·34, 13·17) and South (OR = 4·57; 95 % CI 1·77, 11·84) regions; the second tertile of the National Wealth Score (OR = 2·14; 95 % CI 1·16, 3·91) and winter (OR = 5·82; 95 % CI 2·67, 12·71) and spring (OR = 4·84; 95 % CI 2·17, 10·80) seasons of blood collection were associated with a higher chance of vitamin D insufficiency. Female sex (β = −5·66, 95 % CI − 7·81, −3·51), urban location (β = −14·19, 95 % CI −21·0, −7·22) and no vitamin D supplement use (β = −6·01, 95 % CI −9·64, −2·39) were inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D concentration. The age of children and the Brazilian geographical region of household location were the main predictors of vitamin D insufficiency. In Brazil, vitamin D insufficiency among children aged 6–59 months is low and is not a relevant public health problem.

Keywords

25(OH)DMicronutrient deficienciesNational surveyChildrenBrazil
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 131 , Issue 2 , 28 January 2024 , pp. 312 - 320
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Copyright
© Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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