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Weight loss associated with low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads does not improve arterial stiffness: a randomised clinical trial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 April 2023

Lisiane Perin ,
Isadora G. Camboim ,
Cláudia D. Schneider  and
Alexandre M. Lehnen Open the ORCID record for Alexandre M. Lehnen [Opens in a new window]
Lisiane Perin
Affiliation:
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil
Isadora G. Camboim
Affiliation:
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil
Cláudia D. Schneider
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil
Alexandre M. Lehnen*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Grande do Sul, Brasil
*
*Corresponding author: Dr Alexandre Machado Lehnen, email amlehnen@gmail.com
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Abstract

We evaluated the effects of two low-energy diets with different glycaemic loads on arterial stiffness in adults with excess weight. This was a 45-day parallel-group, randomised clinical trial including seventy-five participants (20–59 years; BMI 32 kg/m2). They were assigned to two similar low-energy diets (reduction of ∼750 kcal.d−1) with macronutrient composition (55 % carbohydrates, 20 % proteins and 25 % lipids) but different glycaemic loads: high-glycaemic load (HGL 171 g.d−1; n 36) or low-glycaemic load (LGL 67 g.d−1; n 39). We evaluated: arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity, PWV); augmentation index (AIx@75); reflection coefficient; fasting blood glucose; fasting lipid profile; blood pressure and body composition. We found no improvements in PWV (P = 0·690) and AIx@75 (P = 0·083) in both diet groups, but there was a decrease in the reflection coefficient in the LGL group (P = 0·003) compared with baseline. The LGL diet group showed reductions in body weight (Δ –4·9 kg; P = 0·001), BMI (Δ –1·6 kg/m2; P = 0·001), waist circumference (Δ –3·1 cm; P = 0·001), body fat (Δ –1·8 %; P = 0·034), as well as TAG (Δ –14·7 mg/dl; P = 0·016) and VLDL (Δ –2·8 mg/dl; P = 0·020). The HGL diet group showed a reduction in total cholesterol (Δ –14·6 mg/dl; P = 0·001), LDL (Δ –9·3 mg/dl; P = 0·029) but a reduction in HDL (Δ –3·7 mg/dl; P = 0·002). In conclusion, a 45-day intervention with low-energy HGL or LGL diets in adults with excess weight was not effective to improve arterial stiffness. However, the LGL diet intervention was associated with a reduction of reflection coefficient and improvements in body composition, TAG and VLDL levels.

Keywords

Glycaemic indexGlycaemic loadOverweightObesityPulse wave velocity
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 130 , Issue 11 , 14 December 2023 , pp. 1859 - 1870
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Nutrition Society

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