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2.4 - Early Sedentism in East Asia: From Late Palaeolithic to Early Agricultural Societies in Insular East Asia

from V. - East Asia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2014

By
Junko Habu
Edited by
Colin Renfrew  and
Paul Bahn
Junko Habu
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Colin Renfrew
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
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Summary

The Importance of Studying Early Sedentism in East Asia

East Asia is a treasury of archaeological information when examining the origins and development of early sedentism in human societies. Since the early 20th century, conditions, causes and consequences of sedentism have been major research foci of anthropological archaeology. Traditional archaeological approaches, which were heavily based on data from Europe and the Near East, tended to view the beginning of food production as the direct cause of sedentism (e.g., Braidwood 1958, 1960; Childe 1942, 1951; MacNeish 1964, 1972). Developments in hunter-gatherer archaeology over the past several decades, however, have revealed that sedentism is not necessarily restricted to food-producing societies. In particular, the prehistory of the Japanese Archipelago and the Korean Peninsula (Map 2.4.1) does not fit into the conventional chronology of the “Palaeolithic-Neolithic-Bronze Age” sequence of West Eurasia: the Jomon Culture in Japan (c. 16,000–3000/2500 bp) and the Chulmun Culture in Korea (c. 11,500–3300 bp) are associated with large amounts of pottery but, unlike many other pottery-producing cultures, the primary subsistence strategy was hunting-gathering-fishing (cf. Jordan & Zvelebil 2009). An examination of the development of early sedentism in these regions will help us understand why historically unique trajectories of human sociopolitical and economic systems developed in different parts of the world.

Recent discussions on the origins of agriculture also indicate that the boundary between hunter-gatherers and agriculturalists is not as clear-cut as scholars once assumed. Many “hunter-gatherer” societies did/do practise plant cultivation or small-scale agriculture. The common practice of environmental management, in which important food resources, such as nut trees, are tended, is also known. The use of fire to periodically clear the land to maintain biodiversity is well documented as well (e.g., Pyne 1999). Archaeological data from East Asia are critical for tackling these issues (e.g., Bleed & Matsui 2010; Crawford 2006, 2008).

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The Cambridge World Prehistory , pp. 724 - 741
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

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