Allik, J. (2002). Towards a theory of personality. In von Hofsten, C. and Backman, L. (eds.), Psychology at the Turn of the Millennium, vol. II: Social Developmental and Clinical Perspectives (pp. 179–200). Hove: Psychology Press.Google Scholar

American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn.; DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.Google Scholar

Appleby, L., and Lewis, G. (1988). Personality disorder: the patients psychiatrists dislike. British Journal of Psychiatry, 153, 44–9.Google Scholar

Asen, A., and Schuff, H. (2004). Assessment and treatment issues when parents have personality disorder. In Göpfert, M., Webster, J., and Seeman, M. V. (eds.), Parental Psychiatric Disorder (2nd edn., pp. 139–60). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Barnow, S., Aldinger, M., Arens, E., Ulrich, I., Spitzer, C., et al. (2013). Maternal transmission of borderline personality disorder symptoms in the community-based Greifswald family study. Journal of Personality Disorder, 27(6), 806–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Barr, W., Kirkcaldy, A., Horne, A., Hodge, S., Hellin, K., and Göpfert, M. (2010). Quantitative findings from a mixed methods evaluation of once-weekly therapeutic community day services for people with personality disorder. Journal of Mental Health, 19(5), 412–21.Google Scholar

Bateman, A., and Fonagy, P. (2013). Impact of clinical severity on outcomes of mentalisation-based treatment for borderline personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 203, 221–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bolton, W., Lovell, K., Morgan, L., Wood, H., et al. (2014). Meeting the Challenge, Making a Difference: Working Effectively to Support People with Personality Disorder in the Community. London: Department of Health.Google Scholar

Bruner, J. (1962). Foreword to Vygotsky, L. S., Thought and Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Bugental, D. B., Ellerson, P. C., Lin, E. K., et al. (2002). A cognitive approach to child abuse prevention. Journal of Family Psychology, 16(3), 243–58.Google Scholar

Burgermeister, C. (2007). Childhood adversity: a review of measurement instruments. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 15(3), 163–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cohen, L. J., Tanis, T., Bhattacharjee, R., Nesci, C., Halmi, W., and Galynker, I. (2014). Are there differential relationships between different types of childhood maltreatment and different types of adult personality pathology? Psychiatry Research, 215(1), 192–201.Google Scholar

Coid, J., Yang, M., Tyrer, P., Roberts, A., and Ullrich, S. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 423–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Daniel, B. (2010). Concepts of adversity, risk, vulnerability, and resilience: a discussion in the context of the ‘child protection system’. Social Policy and Society, 92, 231–41.Google Scholar

David, A. S., Hotopf, M., Moran, P., Owen, G., Szmukler, G., and Richardson, G. (2010). Mentally disordered or lacking capacity? Lessons for management of serious deliberate self harm. British Medical Journal, 341, 4489.Google Scholar

Dew, R. (2007). Informed consent for research in borderline personality disorder. BMC Medical Ethics 2007, 8(4) (www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/8/4).Google ScholarPubMed

Dolan, B., Evans, C., and Norton, K. (1995). Multiple Axis-II diagnoses of personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 166, 107–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Falloon, I. R. H., Laporta, M., Fadden, G., and Graham-Hole, V. (1993). Managing Stress in Families: Cognitive and Behavioural Strategies for Enhancing Coping Skills. London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Farmer, R. F. (2000). Issues in the assessment and conceptualization of personality disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 20(7), 823–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Frick, P. J., and Viding, I. (2009). Antisocial behaviour from a developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1111–31.Google Scholar

Gergen, K. (2003). An Invitation to Social Construction. Trowbridge, Wiltshire: Cromwell Press.Google Scholar

Göpfert, M., McClelland, N., and Wilson, J. (2010). Maternal mental health: an ethical base for good practice. In Kohen, D. (ed.), Oxford Textbook of Women and Mental Health (pp. 59–71). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Grossman, J. B., and Rhodes, J. E. (2002). The test of time: predictors and effects of duration in youth mentoring relationships. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30(2), 199–219.Google Scholar

Hellin, K., Göpfert, G., Atkinson, D., Davies, J., Hartley, P., Hyde, K., Mallett, S., et al. (2009). Day therapeutic community services for people with personality disorder: a new approach. Clinical Psychology Forum, 197.Google Scholar

Hengartner, M. P., Müller, M., Rodgers, S., Rössler, W., and Ajdacic-Gross, V. (2014). Interpersonal functioning deficits in association with DSM-IV personality disorder dimensions. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49, 317–25.Google Scholar

Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., and Cunningham, P. B. (2009). Multisystemic Therapy for Antisocial Behavior in Children and Adolescents (2nd edn.). New York: Guilford.Google Scholar

Hernandez, A., Arntz, A., Gaviria, A., Labad, A., and Gutierrez-Zotes, J. A. (2012). Relationship between childhood maltreatment, parenting style, and borderline personality disorder criteria. Journal of Personality Disorders, 26(5), 727–36.Google Scholar

Hesse, M., and Moran, P. (2010). Screening for personality disorder with the Standardised Assessment of Personality: Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): further evidence of concurrent validity. BMC Psychiatry, 10(10).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Howard, L., Hunt, K., Slade, M., O’Keane, V., Seneviratne, T., Leese, M., Thornicroft, G., et al. (2008). CAN-M: Camberwell Assessment of Need for Mothers. London: RCPsych Publications.Google Scholar

Johnson, A. M., Vernon, P. A., and Feiler, A. R. (2008). Behavioral genetic studies of personality: an introduction and review of the results of 50+ years of research. In Boyle, G. J., Matthews, G., and Saklovske, D. H. (eds.), The Sage Handbook of Personality Theory and Assessment: Personality Theory and Models (vol. I, pp. 145–73). London: Sage.Google Scholar

Kauppi, A., Kumpulainen, K., Karkola, K., et al. (2010). Maternal and paternal filicides: a retrospective review of filicides in Finland. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 38, 229–38.Google Scholar

Kerr, I. B., and Göpfert, M. (2006). A cognitive analytic therapy-informed model of the therapeutic community: implications for work in forensic settings. In Pollock, P. H., Stowell-Smith, M., and Göpfert, M. (eds.), Cognitive-Analytic Therapy for Offenders (pp. 173–85). Hove: Routledge.Google Scholar

Kessler, R., McLaughlin, K. A., Greif Green, J., et al. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the WHO mental health surveys. British Journal of Psychiatry, 197, 378–85.Google Scholar

Khan, A. A., Jacobson, K. C., Gardener, C. O., Prescott, C. A., and Kendler, K. S. (2005). Personality and comorbidity of common psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 190–6.Google Scholar

Laulik, S., Chou, S., Browne, K. D., and Allam, J. (2013). The link between personality disorder and parenting behaviours: a systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18, 644–55.Google Scholar

Leiman, M., and Stiles, W. B. (2001). Dialogical sequence analysis and the zone of proximal development as conceptual enhancements to the assimilation model: the case of Jan revisited. Psychotherapy Research, 11(3), 311–30.Google Scholar

Lenz, A. (2010). Ressourcen fördern: Materialien für die Arbeit mit Kindern und ihren psychisch kranken Eltern [Enhancing resilience: Materials for working with children and their mentally ill parents]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.Google Scholar

Linehan, M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar

Loehlin, J. C. (2009). Environment and the behaviour genetics of personality: let me count the ways. Personality and Individual Difference, 49, 302–5.Google Scholar

McClelland, N. (2006). Beneficence in ethical practice in diagnosis and treatment of personality disorder. Therapeutic Communities: International Journal of Therapeutic and Supportive Organisations, 27(4), 477–93.Google Scholar

Millon, T., Millon, C., Davis, R., and Grossman, S. (2006). MCMI-III Manual (3rd edn.). Minneapolis, MN: Pearson Education.Google Scholar

Moran, P., Leese, M., Lee, T., Walters, P., Thornicroft, G., and Mann, A. (2003). Standardised Assessment of Personality – Abbreviated Scale (SAPAS): preliminary validation of a brief screen for personality disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 183, 228–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pembleton, A., Ramasubramanian, L., Göpfert, M., and Moran, P. (2014). A pilot study exploring links between parents rated with personality disorder and child mental health outcomes. Poster presentation, Royal College of Psychiatrists, Faculty of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Annual Residential Meeting, Liverpool, September.Google Scholar

Puckering, C., Rogers, J., Mills, M., Cox, A. D., and Mattsson-Graff, M. (1994). Process and evaluation of a group intervention for mothers with parenting difficulties. Child Abuse Review, 3(4), 299–310.Google Scholar

Ramasubramanian, L., Göpfert, M., and Moran, P. (2012). Parental personality disorder – keeping the child in mind. Paper presented at the 2nd International Congress on Borderline Personality Disorder and Allied Disorders (ESSPD), Amsterdam, September.Google Scholar

Roff, R. (2008). Reflective Interpersonal Therapy for Children and Parents. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar

Ryle, A., and Kerr, I. B. (2002). Introducing Cognitive Analytic Therapy: Principles and Practice. Chichester: Wiley.Google Scholar

Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., Samstag, L.W., and Stevens, C. (2001). Repairing alliance ruptures. Psychotherapy, 38(4), 406–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Shorter, E. (2012). Personality disorders, the DSM, and the future of diagnosis. OUPblog (http://blog.oup.com/2012/12/personality-disorders-the-dsm-and-the-future-of-diagnosis/).Google Scholar

Singleton, N., Bumpstead, R., O’Brien, M., et al. (2001). Psychiatric Morbidity Among Adults Living in Private Households, 2000. London: HMSO.Google Scholar

Slade, A., Aber, J. L., Bresgi, I., Berger, B., and Kaplan, M. (2004). The Parent Development Interview–Revised. Unpublished protocol. City University of New York.Google Scholar

Torgersen, S., Myers, J., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Roysamb, E., Kubarych, T. S., and Kendler, K. S. (2012). The heritability of cluster B personality disorders assessed both by personal interview and questionnaire. Journal of Personality Disorder, 26(6), 848–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tyrer, P. (2009). Why borderline personality disorder is neither borderline nor a personality disorder. Personality and Mental Health, 3, 86–95.Google Scholar

Tyrer, P., and Bajaj, P. (2005). Nidotherapy: making the environment do the therapeutic work. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 11, 232–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tyrer, P., Crawford, M., and Mulder, R. on behalf of the ICD-11 Working Group for the Revision of Classification of Personality Disorders (2011). Reclassifying personality disorders. Lancet, 377, 1814–15.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Tyrer, P., Mitchard, S., Methuen, C., and Ranger, M. (2003). Treatment rejecting and treatment seeking personality disorders: Type R and Type S. Journal of Personality Disorders, 17(3), 263–8.Google Scholar

Vondra, J., Sysko, H. B., and Belsky, J. (2005). Developmental origins of parenting: personality and relationship factors. In Luster, Tom and Okagaki, Lynn (eds), Parenting: An Ecological Perspective (pp. 35–74). London: Routledge.Google Scholar

Werner, E. E., and Smith, R. S. (1982). Vulnerable but Invincible: A Study of Resilient Children. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar

Widiger, T. A. (ed.) (2012a). The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Widiger, T.A. (ed.) (2012b). Historical developments and current issues. In Widiger, , The Oxford Handbook of Personality Disorders, ch. 2.Google Scholar

Wiehe, V. R. (2003). Empathy and narcissism in a sample of child abuse perpetrators and a comparison sample of foster parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(5), 541–55.Google Scholar

Winnicott, D. W. (1949). Hate in the counter-transference. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 30, 69–74.Google Scholar