Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T22:35:31.873Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 12 - Progestogen-Only Contraception

from Section 2A - Sexual and Reproductive Healthcare: Contraception

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 January 2024

Johannes Bitzer
Affiliation:
University Women's Hospital, Basel
Tahir A. Mahmood
Affiliation:
Victoria Hospital, Kirkcaldy
Get access

Summary

Progestogen-only contraceptives (POCs) contain only a progestogen and no oestrogen. The progestogens used in POCs represent different generations as they have been developed over time. All progestogens have progestogenic, antigonadotropic and antiestrogenic activities. With generation of the progestogen its progestational activity increases and androgenic activity decreases.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Trussell, J. Contraceptive failure in the United States. Contraception. 2011;83:397404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palacios, S, Colli, E, Regidor, PA. Multicenter, phase III trials on the contraceptive efficacy, tolerability and safety of a new drospirenone-only pill. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019;98:1549–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Philips, SJ, Tepper, NK, Kapp, N et al. Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: A systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94:226–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tepper, NK, Whiteman, MK, Marchbanks, PA, James, AH, Curtis, KM. Progestin-only contraception and thromboembolism: A systematic review. Contraception. 2016;94:678800.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization. Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use. 5th edition. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015. bit.ly/3RiJdHy.Google Scholar
Zigler, RE, McNicholas, C. Unscheduled vaginal bleeding with progestin-only contraceptive use. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;5:443–50.Google Scholar
Abdel-Aleem, H, d’Arcangues, C, Vogelsong, KM, Gaffield, ML, Gülmezoglu, AM. Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin only contraceptives. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;CD003449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lopez, LM, Ramesh, S, Chen, M et al. Progestin-only contraceptives: Effects on weight. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;CD008815.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mørch, LS, Skovlund, CW, Hannaford, PC et al. Contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:2228–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Skovlund, CW, Mørch, LS, Kessing, LV, Lidegaard, Ø. Association of hormonal contraceptives with depression. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73:1154–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Benagiano, G, Primiero, FM. Seventy-five microgram desogestrel minipill, a new perspective in estrogen-free contraception. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;997:163–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Archer, DF, Ahrendt, H-J, Drouin, D. Drospirenone-only oral contraceptive: Results from a multicenter noncomparative trial of efficacy, safety and tolerability. Contraception. 2015;92:439–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Duijkers, IJ, Heger-Mahn, D, Drouin, D, Skouby, S. A randomised study comparing the effect on ovarian activity of a progestogen-only pill (POP) containing desogestrel and a new POP containing drospirenone in a 24/4 regimen. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2015;20:419–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacco, S, Merki-Feld, GS, Aegidius, KL et al. Effect of exogenous estrogens and progestogens on the course of migraine during reproductive age: A consensus statement by the European Headache Federation (EHF) and the European Society of Contraception and Reproductive health (ESCRH). Journal of Headache and Pain. 2018;19:7696.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brache, V, Cochon, L, Duijkers, IJM et al. A prospective, randomized, pharmacodynamic study of quick-starting a desogestrel progestin-only pill following ulipristal acetate for emergency contraception. Hum Reprod. 2015;13:2785–93.Google Scholar
Palomba, S, Falbo, A, Di Cello, A, Materazzo, C, Zullo, F. Nexplanon: The new implant for long-term contraception. A comprehensive descriptive review. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2012;9:710–21.Google Scholar
Lazorwitz, A, Aquilante, CL, Sheeder, J, Guiahi, M, Teal, S. Relationship between patient characteristics and serum etonogestrel concentrations in contraceptive implant users. Contraception. 2019;100:3741.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNicholas, C, Swor, E, Wan, L, Peipert, JF. Prolonged use of the etonogestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine device: 2 years beyond FDA-approved duration. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6:586.e1586.e6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mansour, D, Korver, T, Marintcheva-Petrova, M, Fraser, IS. The effects of Implanon on menstrual bleeding patterns. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008;13(Suppl 1):1328.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blumenthal, PD, Gemzell-Danielsson, K, Marintcheva-Petrova, M. Tolerability and clinical safety of Implanon. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2008;13(Suppl 1):2936.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaunitz, AM, Darney, PD, Ross, D, Wolter, KD, Speroff, L. Subcutaneous DMPA vs. intramuscular DMPA: A 2-year randomized study of contraceptive efficacy and bone mineral density. Contraception. 2009;80:717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Said, S, Omar, K, Koetsawang, S et al. A multicentered phase III comparative clinical trial of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate given three-monthly at doses of 100 mg or 150 mg. II: The comparison of bleeding patterns. Contraception. 1987;35:591607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lange, HLH, Manos, BE, Gothard, MD, Rogers, LK, Bonny, AE. Bone mineral density and weight changes in adolescents randomized to 3 doses of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017;30:169–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kohn, JE, Simons, HR, Badia, LD et al. Increased 1-year continuation of DMPA among women randomized to self-administration: Results from a randomized controlled trial at Planned Parenthood. Contraception. 2018;97:198204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reinecke, I, Hofmann, B, Mesic, E, Drenth, HJ, Garmann, D. An integrated population pharmacokinetic analysis to characterize levonorgestrel pharmacokinetics after different administration routes. J Clin Pharmacol. 2018;58:1639–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Apter, D, Gemzell-Danielsson, K, Hauck, B, Rosen, K, Zurth, C. Pharmacokinetics of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems and effects on ovulation rate and cervical function: Pooled analyses of phase II and III studies. Fertil Steril. 2014;101:1656–62.e1–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldthwaite, LM, Creinin, MD. Comparing bleeding patterns for the levonorgestrel 52 mg, 19.5 mg, and 13.5 mg intrauterine systems. Contraception. 2019;100:128–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sergison, JE, Maldonado, LY, Gao, X, Hubacher, D. Levonorgestrel intrauterine system associated amenorrhea: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:440–8.e8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gemzell-Danielsson, K, Schellschmidt, I, Apter, D. A randomized, phase II study describing the efficacy, bleeding profile, and safety of two low-dose levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive systems and Mirena. Fertil Steril. 2012;97:616–22.e1–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×