Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Preface
- Forensic Psychology
- Part I Psychological Underpinnings
- 1.1 Cognitive Theories of Crime
- 1.2 Child and Adolescent Offending
- 1.3 Investigative Psychology
- 1.4 Neurological Theories
- 1.5 Personality
- 1.6 Theories of Sexual Offending
- 1.7 The Psychology of Violent Behavior
- 1.8 Investigative Decision-Making
- Part II Psychology and Criminal Behaviour
- Part III Assessment
- Part IV Interventions
- Part V Civil Proceedings
- Part VI Professional Practices
- Index
- References
1.2 - Child and Adolescent Offending
from Part I - Psychological Underpinnings
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2021
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Preface
- Forensic Psychology
- Part I Psychological Underpinnings
- 1.1 Cognitive Theories of Crime
- 1.2 Child and Adolescent Offending
- 1.3 Investigative Psychology
- 1.4 Neurological Theories
- 1.5 Personality
- 1.6 Theories of Sexual Offending
- 1.7 The Psychology of Violent Behavior
- 1.8 Investigative Decision-Making
- Part II Psychology and Criminal Behaviour
- Part III Assessment
- Part IV Interventions
- Part V Civil Proceedings
- Part VI Professional Practices
- Index
- References
Summary
Developmental approaches to child and adolescent offending emphasise the role of individual and psychological factors when explaining the onset of offending, as well as the role of early risk and protective factors on future offending. This chapter will look at incidence and prevalence of young offending including the age crime curve; risk and protective factors; some key theoretical approaches; and interventions. In England and Wales (2018/19), 60,208 arrests of notifiable offences were made to those aged 10-17 years. Interventions that limit social experiences at the critical age of adolescence have not been shown as effective, with two thirds of young offenders in secure environments re-offending within 12 months. Secure schools, specialist foster care and the ‘child first’ approach aim to provide an environment in which children and adolescents feel secure, whilst promoting a positive learning environment. This may enhance confidence that the young offender can break the cycle of offending.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology , pp. 35 - 53Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
Alleyne, E., & Wood, J. L. (2012). Gang membership: The psychological evidence. In Esbensen, F.-A. & Maxson, C. L. (Eds.), Youth gangs in international perspective: results from the eurogang program of research (pp. 151–168). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ashurst, L., & McAlinden, A. (2015). Young people, peer-to-peer grooming and sexual offending: Understanding and responding to harmful sexual behaviour within a social media society. Probation Journal, 62(4), 374–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baglivio, M. T., Wolff, K. T., DeLisi, M., & Jackowski, K. (2020). The role of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and psychopathic features on juvenile offending criminal careers to age 18. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 18, 337–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrett, D. E., & Katsiyannis, A. (2015). Juvenile delinquency recidivism: Are black and white youth vulnerable to the same risk factors? Behavioral Disorders, 40(3), 184–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bateman, T. (2015). Trends in detected youth crime and contemporary state responses. In Goldson, B. & Muncie, J. (Eds.), Youth crime and justice (pp. 67–83). Sage.Google Scholar
Bateman, T. (2017). The state of youth justice 2017: an overview of trends and developments. NAYJ.Google Scholar
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., & Visher, C. (Eds.). (1986). Criminal careers and ‘career criminals’ (Vol. 1). National Academies Press.Google Scholar
Britt, C. (2019) Age curve and crime. In Farrington, D. P., L. Kazemian, , & Piquero, A. R. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology (pp. 13–33). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brotman, L. M., Gouley, K. K., Chesir-Teran, D., Dennis, T., Klein, R. G., & Shrout, P. (2005a). Prevention for preschoolers at high risk for conduct problems: immediate outcomes on parenting practices and child social competence. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34, 724–734.Google Scholar
Brotman, L. M., wson-McClure, S., Gouley, K. K., McGuire, K., Burraston, B., & Bank, L. (2005b). Older siblings benefit from a family-based preventive intervention for preschoolers at risk for conduct problems. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 581–591.Google Scholar
Browne, K. D., Chou, S., & Jackson, V. (2017). Community approaches to the assessment and prevention of intimate partner violence and child maltreatment. In Browne, K. D., Craig, L., Beech, A., & Chou, S. (Eds.), Assessments in forensic practice: a handbook. Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Browne, K. D., & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2005). The influence of violent media on children and adolescents: a public-health approach. Lancet, 365, 702–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Browne, K. D., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., & Vettor, S. (2007). The cycles of violence: the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the risk of later becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence: policy briefing. WHO Regional Office for Europe.Google Scholar
Caldwell, M. F., & Van Rybroek, G. J. (2005). Reducing violence in serious juvenile offenders using intensive treatment. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 28, 622–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, M. B., & Vandiver, T. A. (2001). Risk and protective factors among youth offenders. Adolescence, 36, 409–426.Google ScholarPubMed
Case, S., & Haines, K. (2014). Children first, offenders second: The centrality of engagement in positive youth justice. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 54(2), 157–175.Google Scholar
Cauffman, E., & Steinberg, L. (2000). (Im)maturity of judgment in adolescence: Why adolescents may be less culpable than adults. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 18(6), 741–760.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Day, A.M., Bateman, T., & Pitts, J. (2020). Surviving incarceration: the pathways of looked after and nonlooked after children into, through and out of custody. University of Bedfordshire.Google Scholar
Debowska, A., Willmott, D., Boduszek, D., & Jones, A. D. (2017). What do we know about child abuse and neglect patterns of co-occurrence? A systematic review of profiling studies and recommendations for future research. Child Abuse & Neglect, 70, 100–111.Google Scholar
Dent, M., Peto, L., Griffin, M., & Hindley, N. (2013). Community forensic child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS): a map of current national provision and a proposed service model for the future. Final Report for the Department of Health.Google Scholar
Dinos, S., Tian, Y., Solanki, A.-R., & Hauari, H. (2006). Tracking services and users: on track in practice (Report No. 769). Policy Research Bureau.Google Scholar
Dretzke, J., Frew, E., Davenport, C., Barlow, J., Stewart-Brown, S., Sandercock, J. et al. (2005). The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of parent training/education programmes for the treatment of conduct disorder, including oppositional defiant disorder, in children. Health Technology Assessment, 9, 1–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, M., Browne, K. D., & Kilcoyne, J. (1995). Child sexual abuse: What offenders tell us. Child Abuse and Neglect, 19(5), 579–594.Google Scholar
Falshaw, L., & Browne, K. D. (1997). Adverse childhood experiences and violent acts of young people in secure accommodation. Journal of Mental Health. 6, 443–455.Google Scholar
Farrington, D. P. (1995). The 12th Jack-Tizard-Memorial-Lecture - the Development of Offending and Antisocial-Behavior from Childhood – Key Findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36, 929–964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farrington, D. P. (2010) Criminal career. In Brown, J. & Campbell, E. (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of forensic psychology (1st ed., pp. 475–483). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Finkelhor, D. (2008). Childhood victimisation: violence, crime and abuse in the lives of young people. Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florsheim, P., Behling, S., South, M., Fowles, T. R., & DeWitt, J. (2004). Does the youth corrections system work? Tracking the effectiveness of intervention efforts with delinquent boys in state custody. Psychological Services, 1, 126–139.Google Scholar
Foster, E. M., Olchowski, A. E., & Webster-Stratton, C. H. (2007). Is stacking intervention components cost-effective? An analysis of the Incredible Years program. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 1414–1424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frazer, L. (2020, June 17). Secure schools programme. Letter to Sir Bob Neill, Chair, Justice Select Committee. https://committees.parliament.uk/publications/1608/documents/15339/default/Google Scholar
Friendship, C., Beech, A. R., & Browne, K. D. (2002). Reconviction as an outcome measure in research: a methodological note. British Journal of Criminology, 42, 442–444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerhold, C.K., Browne, K.D., & Beckett, R. (2007). Predicting recidivism in adolescent sexual offenders. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 12, 427–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, R., Spatz-Widom, C., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Child maltreatment: burden and consequences in high-income countries. (Lancet Series on Child Maltreatment 1). The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81.Google Scholar
Gustafsson, P. E., Nilsson, D., & Svedin, C. G. (2009). Polytraumatization and psychological symptoms in children and adolescents. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 18(5), 274–283.Google Scholar
Hahn, R., Fuqua-Whitley, D., Wethington, H., et al. (2007a). Effectiveness of universal school-based programs to prevent violent and aggressive behavior: a systematic review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 33, S114–S129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hahn, R., Fuqua-Whitley, D., Wethington, H., et al. (2007b). The effectiveness of universal school based programmes for the prevention of violent and aggressive behavior: a report on recommendations of the task force on community preventive services. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5607a1.htmGoogle Scholar
Hales, J., Nevill, C., Pudney, S., & Tipping, S. (2009). Longitudinal analysis of the offending, crime and justice survey 2003–06. Home Office.Google Scholar
Hamilton, C. E., Falshaw, L., & Browne, K. D. (2002). The link between recurrent maltreatment and offending behaviour. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 41, 75–95.Google Scholar
Hindley, N., Lengua, C., & White, O. (2017). Forensic mental health services for children and adolescents: Rationale and development. BJPsych Advances, 23 (1), 36–43.Google Scholar
HM Inspectorate of Probation (HMIP). (2014). Girls in the criminal justice system, criminal justice joint inspection. HMIP.Google Scholar
Home Affairs Committee. (2007) Young Black people and the criminal justice system. House of Commons. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200607/cmselect/cmhaff/181/181i.pdfGoogle Scholar
House of Commons Home Affairs Committee. (2009) Knife crime. London: Home Affairs Committee. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/112/11202.htmGoogle Scholar
Hymas, C. (2019, September 15). Knife crime epidemic in primary schools as figures show dozens of young children were arrested last year. Telegraph, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/09/15/knife-crime-epidemic-primary-schools-figures-show-dozens-young/Google Scholar
Jackson, V., Browne, K. D., Joseph, S. (2016). The prevalence of childhood victimization experienced outside of the family: Findings from an English prevalence study. Child Abuse & Neglect, 51, 343–357.Google Scholar
Jackson, V., Chou., S., & Browne, K. D. (2017). Protective factors against child victimisation in the school and community: An exploratory systematic review of longitudinal predictors and interacting variables. Trauma, Violence & Abuse, 18(3), 303–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kazemian, L., Farrington, D. P., & Piquero, A. R. (2019) Introduction. In Farrington, D. P., Kazemian, L., & Piquero, A. R. (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology (pp. 3–12). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kerig, P. K. (2012). Introduction to Part I: Trauma and juvenile delinquency: dynamics and developmental mechanisms. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 5, 83–87.Google Scholar
Kolvin, I., Miller, F. J., Fleeting, M., & Kolvin, P. A. (1988). Social and parenting factors affecting criminal-offence rates: Findings from the Newcastle Thousand Family Study (1947–1980). British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 80–90.Google Scholar
McAra, L. (2018). Child-friendly youth justice? In Bateman, T., Goodfellow, P., Little, R., & Wigzell, A. (Eds.), Child-friendly youth justice? (pp. 5–14). National Association for Youth Justice. https://thenayj.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/NAYJ-Child-friendly-youth-justice-May-18.pdfGoogle Scholar
McKnight, L. R., & Loper, A. B. (2002). The effects of risk and resilience factors in the prediction of delinquency in adolescent girls. School Psychology International, 23, 186–198.Google Scholar
Ministry of Justice. (2019a). Statistics on race and the criminal justice system 2018. Ministry of Justice.Google Scholar
Ministry of Justice. (2019b). County lines exploitation. practice guidance for yots and frontline practitioners. Ministry of Justice.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E. 1993. ‘Life-course-persistent’ and ‘adolescence-limited’ antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review 100(4), 674–701.Google Scholar
Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2001). Childhood predictors differentiate life-course persistent and adolescence-limited antisocial pathways among males and females. Development and Psychopathology, 13, 355–375.Google Scholar
Morton, N., & Browne, K. D. (1998). Theory and observation of attachment and its relation to child maltreatment: a review. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22, 1093–1104.Google Scholar
Neissl, K., & Singer, S. S. (2020). Juvenile delinquency in an international context. In Oxford research encyclopaedia of criminology and criminal justice. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44, 329–335.Google Scholar
Piquero, A. R., Farrington, D. P., & Blumstein, , A. 2007. Key issues in criminal career research: new analyses of the cambridge study in delinquent development. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ryan, G., & Lane, S. (1997). Juvenile sexual offending: causes, consequences and corrections. Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: pathways and turning points through life. Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Sanders, M. R., Bor, W., & Morawska, A. (2007). Maintenance of treatment gains: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed triple P-positive parenting program. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 983–998.Google Scholar
Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L. A., & Bor, W. (2000). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 624–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaeffer, C. M., & Borduin, C. M. (2005). Long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of multisystemic therapy with serious and violent juvenile offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 445–453.Google Scholar
Shepherd, S. M., Luebbers, S., & Ogloff, J. R. (2016). The role of protective factors and the relationship with recidivism for high-risk young people in detention. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(7), 863–878.Google Scholar
Skuse, D., Bentovim, . Stevenson, A., Andreou, J., Lanyado, C., New, M., Williams, M., B., & McMillan, D. (1998). Risk factors for the development of sexually abusive behaviour in sexually victimised males. British Medical Journal, 317, 175–179.Google Scholar
Smith, V., & Wynne-McHardy, E. (2019). An analysis of indicators of serious violence. Home Office.Google Scholar
Snyder, H. N., & Sickmund, M. (2006). Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. US Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programmes, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.Google Scholar
Sourander, A., Elonheimo, H., Niemela, S., Nuutila, A. M., Helenius, H., Sillanmaki, L., et al. (2006). Childhood predictors of male criminality: a prospective population-based follow-up study from age 8 to late adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45, 578–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Southall, A. (2006). Intensive fostering – one of the first national pilot projects in the UK.Google Scholar
Svensson, R., & Ring, J. (2007). Trends in self-reported youth crime and victimization in Sweden, 1995–2005. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention, 8, 185–209.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (2016). Review of the youth justice system in England and Wales. Ministry of Justice.Google Scholar
Thorpe, D., Smith, D., Green, C., & Paley, J. (1980). Out of care – the community support for juvenile offenders. George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C., & Hammond, M. (1997). Treating children with early-onset conduct problems: A comparison of child and parent training interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 93–109.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C., Hollinsworth, T., & Kolpacoff, M. (1989). The long-term effectiveness and clinical significance of three cost-effective training programs for families with conduct-problem children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 57, 550–553.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M. J., & Stoolmiller, M. (2008). Preventing conduct problems and improving school readiness: Evaluation of the Incredible Years teacher and child training programs in high-risk schools. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 471–488.Google Scholar
Wilson, S. J., Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (2003). The effects of school-based intervention programmes on aggressive behavior: a meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 136–149.Google Scholar
Wilson, D., Sharp, C., & Patterson, A. (2006). Young people and crime: findings from the 2005 Offending, Crime and Justice Survey. Home Office.Google Scholar
Windle, J., Moyle, L., & Coomber, R. (2020). ‘Vulnerable’ kids going country: children and young people’s involvement in county lines drug dealing. Youth Justice 20 (1–2), 64–78.Google Scholar
Woolfenden, S. R., Williams, K., & Peat, J. (2001). Family and parenting interventions in children and adolescents with conduct disorder and delinquency aged 10–17. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 2.Google Scholar
Youth Justice Board (2020a). Youth justice statistics 2018/19: England and Wales. Youth Justice Board.Google Scholar
Viljoen, J. L., Bhanwer, A. K., Shaffer, C. S., & Douglas, K. S. (2020). Assessing protective factors for adolescent offending: A conceptually informed examination of the SAVRY and YLS/CMI. Assessment, 27(5), 959–975.Google Scholar
Zonnevylle-Bender, M. J. S., Matthys, W., Van De Wiel, N. M. H., & Lochman, J. E. (2007). Preventive effects of treatment of disruptive behavior disorder in middle childhood on substance use and delinquent behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 33–39.Google Scholar