Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-9pm4c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-27T22:20:46.630Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nosological validity of dysthymia. Part I: historical, epidemiological and clinical data

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

L Waintraub  and
JD Guelfi
L Waintraub
Affiliation:
Paris V, Cochin-Port-Royal University, CHS Paul Guiraud, 54 Avenue de la République, 94806 Villejuif cedex, France
JD Guelfi
Affiliation:
Paris XI University, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94804 Villejuif cedex, France
Get access

Summary

Dysthymia is the last diagnostic label introduced after a series of precursors to describe a disorder whose nosological status has long been dubious. The results of published epidemiological, as well as clinical studies about its presentation, course and outcome partly support the validity of this construct — although their interpretation is limited by methodological difficulties: same prevalence in many locations in the world, always lower than that of major depression, somewhat specific clinical pattern, course and outcome.

Keywords

dysthymiavalidityepidemiologyclinical data
Type
Research Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , July 1998 , pp. 173 - 180
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier, Paris 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akiskal, HSDysthymic disorder: psychopathology of proposed depressive subtypes. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 11–20Google ScholarPubMed
Akiskal, HSDysthymia: clinical and external validity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994 89 suppl 383 19–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akiskal, HS, Bitar, AH, Puzantian, VR, Rosenthal, TL, Walker, PWThe nosological status of neurotic depression Arch Gen Psychiatry 35 1978 756–766CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association 3rd ed (DSM-III) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: APA; 1980Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association 3rd ed revise. (DSM-III-R) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: APA; 1987Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association 4th ed revise. (DSM-IV) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington: APA; 1994Google Scholar
Andreasen, NC, Grove, WM, Maurer, RCluster analysis and the classification of depression. Brit J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 256–265CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angst, J, Wicki, WThe Zurich study XI. Is dysthymia a separate form of depression? Results of the Zurich cohort study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1991; 240: 349–354CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Angst, JEpidemiology of depression. Psychopharmacology 1992; 106: s71s74CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bland, RC, Orn, H, Newman, SCLife time prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Edmonton. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988 77 suppl 338 24–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brieger, P, Marneros, ADas Dysthymiekonzept: Aktuelles und Geschichtliches-ein Überblick. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 1995; 63: 411–420CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canino, GJ, Bird, HR, Shrout, PE, et al.The prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in Puerto Rico. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 727–735CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cassano, GB, Perugi, G, Maremmani, I, Akiskal, HSSocial adjustment in dysthymiaAkiskal, HS, Burton, SWDysthymic disorder. London: Gaskell Publications; 1993; 78–85Google Scholar
Clark, DA, Beck, AT, Beck, JSSymptom differences in Major Depression, Dysthymia, Panic disorder, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151: 205–209Google ScholarPubMed
Faravelli, C, Incerpi, GEpidemiology of affective disorders in Florence. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985; 72: 331–333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, HLHistorical and nosological aspects of dysthymia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994 89 suppl 383 7–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horwath, E, Johnson, J, Klerman, GL, Weissman, MMDepressive symptoms as relative and attributable risk factors for first-onset Major Depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 817–823CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rowland, RHPharmacotherapy of dysthymia: a review. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1991; 11: 83–91Google Scholar
Howland, RHGeneral health, health care utilization, and medical comorbidity in dysthymia. Intl J Psychiatry Med 1993; 23: 211–238CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hwu, HG, Yeh, EK, Chang, LYPrevalence of psychiatric disorders in Taiwan defined by the Chinese Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1989; 79: 136–147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, MBCourse, outcome and impact on the community. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994 89suppl 383 24–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keller, MB, Shapiro, RW“Double depression”: superimposition of acute depressive episodes on chronic depressive disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139: 438–442Google ScholarPubMed
Keller, MB, Shapiro, RW, Lavori, PW, Wolfe, NRecovery in major depressive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982; 39: 905–910CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keller, MB, Lavori, PW, Endicott, J, Coryell, W, Klerman, GL“Double depression”: two-year follow up. Am J Psychiatry 1983; 140: 689–694Google ScholarPubMed
Keller, MB, Lavori, PWDouble Depression, Major Depression, and Dysthymia: distinct entities or different phases of a single disorder?. Psychopharm Bull 1984; 20: 399–402Google ScholarPubMed
Keller, MB, Klein, DN, Hirschfeld, RMA, et al.Results of the DSM-IV Mood Disorders Field Trial. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152: 843–849Google ScholarPubMed
Kendell, REThe classification of depressions: a review of contemporary confusion. Brit J Psychiatry 1976; 129: 15–28CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kivelä, SL, Pahkala, K, Laippala, PPrevalence of depression in an elderly population in Finland. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1988; 78: 401–413CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klerman, GL, Endicott, J, Spitzer, R, Hirschfeld, RMANeurotic depressions: a systematic analysis of multiple criteria and meanings. Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136: 57–61Google ScholarPubMed
Kocsis, JH, Frances, AJA critical discussion of DSM-III dysthymic disorder. Am J Psychiatry 1987; 144: 1534–1542Google ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M, Feinberg, T, Crouse-Novak, MA, Paulauskas, SL, Finkelstein, RDepressive disorders in childhood: I. A longitudinal prospective study of characteristics and recovery. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984; 41: 229–237CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kovacs, M, Akiskal, HS, Gatsonis, C, Parrone, PLChildhood-onset dysthymic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 365–374CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, CK, Han, JH, Choi, JOThe epidemiological study of mental disorders in Korea: Alcoholism, anxiety and depression. Seoul J Psychiatry 1987; 12: 183–191Google Scholar
Lee, CK, Kwak, YS, Yamamoto, J, et al.Psychiatric epidemiology in Korea. Part II: Urban and rural differences. J Nerv Ment Dis 1990; 178: 247–252CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Markowitz, JC, Moran, ME, Kocsis, JH, Frances, AJPrevalence and comorbidity of dysthymic disorder among psychiatric out-patients. J Affect Disord 1992; 24: 63–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCullough, JP, McCune, KJ, Kaye, AL, et al.Comparison of a community dysthymia sample at screening with a matched group of nondepressed community controls. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182: 402–407CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCullough, JP, McCune, KJ, Kaye, AL, et al.One-year prospective replication study of an untreated sample of community dysthymia subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis 1994; 182: 396–401CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mezzich, JE, Ahn, CW, Fabrega, H, Pilkonis, PAPatterns of psychiatric comorbidity in a large population presenting for careMaser, JD, Cloninger, CRComorbidity in Anxiety and Mood Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990; 189–204Google Scholar
Péron-Magnan, PTrouble dysthymique et personnalité dépressive. L'Encéphale 1992; 18: 51–54Google Scholar
Pichot, PNosological models in psychiatry. Brit J Psychiatry 1994; 164: 232–240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rouillon, FL'épidémiologie valide-t-elle le concept de dysthymie?. L'Encéphale 1992; XVIII: 739–742Google Scholar
Rounsaville, BJ, Sholomkas, D, Prusoff, BAChronic mood disorders in depressed outpatients. J Affect Dis 1980; 2: 73–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shores, MM, Glubin, T, Cowley, DS, Dager, SR, Roy-Byrne, PP, Dunner, DLThe relationship between anxiety and depression: a clinical comparison of generalized anxiety disorder, dysthymic disorder, panic disorder, and major depressive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1992; 33: 237–244CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MM, Leaf, PJ, Livingston Bruce, M, Florio, LThe epidemiology of dysthymia in five communities: rates, risks, comorbidity, and treatment. Am J Psychiatry 1988; 145: 815–819Google ScholarPubMed
Weissman, MM, Bland, R, Joyce, PR, Newman, S, Wells, JE, Wittchen, HUSex differences in rates of depression: cross-national perspectives. J Affect Disord 1993; 29: 77–84CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, JE, Bushnell, JA, Hornblow, AR, Joyce, PR, Ookley-Brown, MAChristchurch psychiatric epidemiology study. Part I: Methodology and lifetime prevalence for specific psychiatric disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1989; 23: 315–326CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wells, KB, Burnam, A, Rogers, W, Hays, R, Camp, PThe course of depression in adult outpatients-Results from the Medical Outcomes Study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 788–794CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittchen, HU, Essau, CA, von Zerssen, D, Krieg, JC, Zaudig, MLifetime and 6-month prevalence of mental disorders in the Munich Follow-up Study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1992; 241: 247–258CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wittchen, HU, Zhao, S, Kessler, RC, Eaton, WWDSM-III-R Generalized Anxiety Disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51: 355–364CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
WPA dysthymia working group Dysthymia in clinical practice. Brit J Psychiatry 1995; 166: 174–183CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.