Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Reinforcing masonry products through cellulosic fiber and agro waste material: characterization and microstructure

  • Technical Paper
  • Published:
Innovative Infrastructure Solutions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Contemporary cementitious materials as a substitute for building materials get a unique place in the field of construction industry due to its various applications. These materials would definitely reduce the carbon footprint and build an eco-friendly environment. In this regard, cellulosic and agro waste materials were used as a contemporary material in nano-sized particles to the cementitious compound. The purpose of the study is to inherent the reinforcing characteristics to the cementitious compound in addition to binding property and thereby a minimal percentage of reinforced material can be reduced in a structural concrete. In this direction, an attempt has been made to inherent the cementitious material by constant 3% of nano-silica and varied percentage of nano-filler viz., 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% to the weight of cement. The characteristics of the mortar were analyzed through workability, mechanical, durability and thermal conductivity. At advanced curing ages, the contemporary materials provided desired characteristics in various aspects. Use of nano-sized particles exhibit a beneficiary effect of reduced voids, increased density, decreased pore volume and enhanced pozzolanic activity at an extended percentage of NF-03. These combined effects improved the properties of cementitious compound than that of ordinary PPC. The outcome of the present study would reduce the depletion of natural resources and induce additional reinforcing properties to the virgin (masonry) material.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data will be made available on request.

References

  1. Zeyad AM, Tayeh BA, Yusuf MO (2019) Strength and transport characteristics of volcanic pumice powder based high strength concrete. Constr Build Mater 216:314–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tayeh BA (2018) Effects of marble, timber, and glass powder as partial replacements for cement. J Civ Eng Constr 7:63–71. https://doi.org/10.32732/jcec.2018.7.2.63

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ahsan MB, Hossain Z (2018) Supplemental use of rice husk ash (RHA) as a cementitious material in concrete industry. Constr Build Mater 178:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Davidovits J (1994) Global warming impact on the cement and aggregates industries. World Resour Rev 6:263–278

    Google Scholar 

  5. Deepa B, Abraham E, Cherian BM et al (2011) Structure, morphology and thermal characteristics of banana nano fibers obtained by steam explosion. Bioresour Technol 102:1988–1997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Marceau ML, Gajda J, VanGeem MG (2002) Use of fly ash in concrete: Normal and high volume ranges. PCA R&D Ser 2604

  7. He J, Jie Y, Zhang J et al (2013) Synthesis and characterization of red mud and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites. Cem Concr Compos 37:108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Athira G, Bahurudeen A, Appari S (2019) Sustainable alternatives to carbon intensive paddy field burning in India: a framework for cleaner production in agriculture, energy, and construction industries. J Clean Prod 236:117598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.07.073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jittin V, Bahurudeen A, Ajinkya SD (2020) Utilisation of rice husk ash for cleaner production of different construction products. J Clean Prod 263:121578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Rukzon S, Chindaprasirt P, Mahachai R (2009) Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash. Int J Miner Metall Mater 16:242–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1674-4799(09)60041-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Siddika A, Mamun M, Al A, Ali M (2018) Study on concrete with rice husk ash. Innov Infrastruct Solut 3:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-018-0127-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Ahmad MM, Ahmad F, Azmi M, Mohd Zahid MZA (2015) Properties of cement mortar consisting raw rice husk. In: Applied mechanics and materials. Trans Tech Publ, pp 267–271. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.802.267.

  13. Habeeb GA, Bin MH (2010) Study on properties of rice husk ash and its use as cement replacement material. Mater Res 13:185–190. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392010000200011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Abe K, Iwamoto S, Yano H (2007) Obtaining cellulose nanofibers with a uniform width of 15 nm from wood. Biomacromol 8:3276–3278. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm700624p

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Roohani M, Habibi Y, Belgacem NM et al (2008) Cellulose whiskers reinforced polyvinyl alcohol copolymers nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 44:2489–2498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.05.024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Seydibeyoğlu MÖ, Oksman K (2008) Novel nanocomposites based on polyurethane and micro fibrillated cellulose. Compos Sci Technol 68:908–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.08.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bondeson D, Oksman K (2007) Polylactic acid/cellulose whisker nanocomposites modified by polyvinyl alcohol. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 38:2486–2492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kvien I, Tanem BS, Oksman K (2005) Characterization of cellulose whiskers and their nanocomposites by atomic force and electron microscopy. Biomacromol 6:3160–3165. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm050479t

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fahmy TYA, Mobarak F (2008) Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose. Carbohydr Polym 72:751–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.01.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee K-Y, Blaker JJ, Bismarck A (2009) Surface functionalisation of bacterial cellulose as the route to produce green polylactide nanocomposites with improved properties. Compos Sci Technol 69:2724–2733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.08.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Aslam F, Zaid O, Althoey F et al (2022) Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete. Struct Concr. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.202200183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zaid O, Ahmad J, Siddique MS et al (2021) A step towards sustainable glass fiber reinforced concrete utilizing silica fume and waste coconut shell aggregate. Sci Rep 11:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92228-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Martínez-García R, Jagadesh P, Zaid O et al (2022) The present state of the use of waste wood ash as an eco-efficient construction material: A review. Materials (Basel) 15:5349. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155349

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zaid O, Martínez-García R, Aslam F (2022) Influence of wheat straw ash as partial substitute of cement on properties of high-strength concrete incorporating graphene oxide. J Mater Civ Eng 34:4022295. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004415

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Althoey F, Zaid O, de-Prado-Gil J et al (2022) Impact of sulfate activation of rice husk ash on the performance of high strength steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. J Build Eng 54:104610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zaid O, Ahmad J, Siddique MS, Aslam F (2021) Effect of incorporation of rice husk ash instead of cement on the performance of steel fibers reinforced concrete. Front Mater 8:665625. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2021.665625

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Focher B, Marzetti A, Crescenzi V (1991) Steam explosion techniques: fundamentals and industrial applications: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Steam Explosion Techniques: Fundamentals and Industrial Applications, Milan, Italy, 20–21 October 1988. CRC Press

  28. Excoffier G, Toussaint B, Vignon MR (1991) Saccharification of steam-exploded poplar wood. Biotechnol Bioeng 38:1308–1317. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Chornet E, Overend PR (1989) A unified treatment for liquefaction. Res Thermochem Biomass Convers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Donaldson LA, Wong KKY, Mackie KL (1988) Ultrastructure of steam-exploded wood. Wood Sci Technol 22:103–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00355846

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Tanahashi M (1990) Characterization and degradation mechanisms of wood components by steam explosion and utilization of exploded wood. Wood Res Bull wood Res Inst Kyoto Univ 77:49–117

    Google Scholar 

  32. Cara C, Ruiz E, Ballesteros I et al (2006) Enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of olive tree wood by steam explosion and alkaline peroxide delignification. Process Biochem 41:423–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.07.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cara C, Ruiz E, Ballesteros M et al (2008) Production of fuel ethanol from steam-explosion pretreated olive tree pruning. Fuel 87:692–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2007.05.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Han B, Wang Y, Dong S et al (2015) Smart concretes and structures: a review. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 26:1303–1345. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X15586452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Ma P-C, Siddiqui NA, Marom G, Kim J-K (2010) Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 41:1345–1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2010.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim S-S, Hooton RD, Cho T-J, Lee J-B (2014) Comparison of innovative nano fly ash with conventional fly ash and nano-silica. Can J Civ Eng 41:396–402. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2012-0419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Garcia-Macias E, D’Alessandro A, Castro-Triguero R et al (2017) Micromechanics modeling of the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotube cement-matrix composites. Compos Part B Eng 108:451–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cui Y, Kundalwal SI, Kumar S (2016) Gas barrier performance of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Carbon N Y 98:313–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. García-Taengua E, Sonebi M, Hossain KMA et al (2015) Effects of the addition of nanosilica on the rheology, hydration and development of the compressive strength of cement mortars. Compos Part B Eng 81:120–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.07.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Sobolev K, Lin Z, Flores-Vivian I, Pradoto R (2016) Nano-engineered cements with enhanced mechanical performance. J Am Ceram Soc 99:564–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.13819

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Fernández JM, Duran A, Navarro-Blasco I et al (2013) Influence of nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer on the performance of lime mortars. Cem Concr Res 43:12–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2012.10.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Sanchez F, Sobolev K (2010) Nanotechnology in concrete–a review. Constr Build Mater 24:2060–2071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.03.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Hou P, Cheng X, Qian J, Shah SP (2014) Effects and mechanisms of surface treatment of hardened cement-based materials with colloidal nanoSiO2 and its precursor. Constr Build Mater 53:66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.062

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Jayapalan AR, Lee BY, Kurtis KE (2013) Can nanotechnology be ‘green’? Comparing efficacy of nano and microparticles in cementitious materials. Cem Concr Compos 36:16–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.11.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Li Z, Wang H, He S et al (2006) Investigations on the preparation and mechanical properties of the nano-alumina reinforced cement composite. Mater Lett 60:356–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2005.08.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Soto-Pérez L, López V, Hwang SS (2015) Response Surface Methodology to optimize the cement paste mix design: time-dependent contribution of fly ash and nano-iron oxide as admixtures. Mater Des 86:22–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Collepardi M, Olagot JJO, Skarp U, Troli R (2002) Influence of amorphous colloidal silica on the properties of self-compacting concretes. In: Proceedings of the international conference" challenges in concrete construction-innovations and developments in concrete materials and construction", Dundee, Scotland, UK. pp 473–483

  48. Mamtaz H, Fouladi MH, Al-Atabi M, Narayana Namasivayam S (2016) Acoustic absorption of natural fiber composites. J Eng. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5836107

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ramadoss P, Sundararajan T (2014) Utilization of lignite-based bottom ash as partial replacement of fine aggregate in masonry mortar. Arab J Sci Eng 39:737–745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-013-0703-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Balapour M, Zhao W, Garboczi EJ et al (2020) Potential use of lightweight aggregate (LWA) produced from bottom coal ash for internal curing of concrete systems. Cem Concr Compos 105:103428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103428

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Tavares JC, Lucena LFL, Henriques GF et al (2022) Use of banana leaf ash as partial replacement of Portland cement in eco-friendly concretes. Constr Build Mater 346:128467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128467

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. de Matos PR, Sakata RD, Onghero L et al (2021) Utilization of ceramic tile demolition waste as supplementary cementitious material: An early-age investigation. J Build Eng 38:102187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Lothenbach B, Scrivener K, Hooton RD (2011) Supplementary cementitious materials. Cem Concr Res 41:1244–1256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.12.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. De Weerdt K, Ben HM, Le Saout G et al (2011) Hydration mechanisms of ternary Portland cements containing limestone powder and fly ash. Cem Concr Res 41:279–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2010.11.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Qing Y, Zenan Z, Deyu K, Rongshen C (2007) Influence of nano-SiO2 addition on properties of hardened cement paste as compared with silica fume. Constr Build Mater 21:539–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Le HT, Ludwig H-M (2016) Effect of rice husk ash and other mineral admixtures on properties of self-compacting high performance concrete. Mater Des 89:156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Ali B, Qureshi LA (2018) Combined effect of fly ash and glass fibers on mechanical performance of concrete. Ned Univ J Res 15:91–100

    Google Scholar 

  58. Barbuta M, Bucur R, Serbanoiu AA et al (2017) Combined effect of fly ash and fibers on properties of cement concrete. Procedia Eng 181:280–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Wegian FM, Alanki AA, Alsaeid HM et al (2011) Influence of fly ash on behavior of fibres reinforced concrete structures. J Appl Sci 11:3185–3191. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2011.3185.3191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. da Silva PR, de Brito J (2015) Fresh-state properties of self-compacting mortar and concrete with combined use of limestone filler and fly ash. Mater Res 18:1097–1108. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-1439.028715

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Torres-Carrasco M, Reinosa JJ, de la Rubia MA et al (2019) Critical aspects in the handling of reactive silica in cementitious materials: Effectiveness of rice husk ash vs nano-silica in mortar dosage. Constr Build Mater 223:360–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.07.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Belhadj B, Bederina M, Makhloufi Z et al (2016) Contribution to the development of a sand concrete lightened by the addition of barley straws. Constr Build Mater 113:513–522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.03.067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Akinyemi BA, Dai C (2020) Development of banana fibers and wood bottom ash modified cement mortars. Constr Build Mater 241:118041. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Demirboğa R (2007) Thermal conductivity and compressive strength of concrete incorporation with mineral admixtures. Build Environ 42:2467–2471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Xu X, Zhang W, Fan C, Li G (2020) Effects of temperature, dry density and water content on the thermal conductivity of Genhe silty clay. Results Phys 16:102830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102830

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Presley MA, Christensen PR (2010) Thermal conductivity measurements of particulate materials: 4. Effect of bulk density for granular particles. J Geophys Res Planets. https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003482

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Marfil SA, Maiza PJ (1993) Zeolite crystallization in portland cement concrete due to alkali-aggregate reaction. Cem Concr Res 23:1283–1288. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90066-I

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Juenger MCG, Siddique R (2015) Recent advances in understanding the role of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete. Cem Concr Res 78:71–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.03.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Perez G, Gaitero JJ, Erkizia E et al (2015) Characterisation of cement pastes with innovative self-healing system based in epoxy-amine adhesive. Cem Concr Compos 60:55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.03.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Goyanes SN, König PG, Marconi JD (2003) Dynamic mechanical analysis of particulate-filled epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 88:883–892. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.11678

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Department of Civil Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research for providing the necessary laboratory facilities.

Funding

This research work funded by Science and Engineering Research Board, India, under the scheme of TARE-SERB/TAR/2019/000222.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore, 641 062, India

    Arun Murugesan, Abdul Aleem Mohamed Ismail & Deepasree Srinivasan

Authors
  1. Arun Murugesan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abdul Aleem Mohamed Ismail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Deepasree Srinivasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AM contributed to Formal analysis and data curation. AAMI contributed to Experimental investigation, Results and Discussion, and editing the draft. DS contributed to Conceptualization, methodology, and writing—original draft.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Deepasree Srinivasan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Informed consent

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Murugesan, A., Mohamed Ismail, A.A. & Srinivasan, D. Reinforcing masonry products through cellulosic fiber and agro waste material: characterization and microstructure. Innov. Infrastruct. Solut. 8, 133 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01102-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-023-01102-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation