Nanocomposites from natural cellulose fibers filled with kaolin in presence of sucrose
Section snippets
Introduction and object
Nanoporous materials are classified as naturally occurring nanoporous materials, and synthetic nanoporous materials. Naturally occurring nanoporous materials may be of mineral origin (such as zeolites), or of biological origin (such as the nanoporous structure of the cell walls of cellulose fibers) (Kelsall and Hamley, 2005, Vaia and Krishnamoorti, 2002).
The authors and others, in recent work, successfully manipulated the natural nanoporous structure of cellulose fibers to increase the water
Materials and methods
The cellulose fibers (pulp fibers) used in this work were high α-cellulose wood pulp fibers. We have carried out chemical and physical analyses for this pulp. The results of the analyses and physical properties are reported in Table 1.
The conventional additive (inorganic filler kaolin) used in this work was Egyptian upgraded kaolin prepared on pilot scale, kindly provided by Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, El-Tebeen, Egypt. Its specifications and analyses are: Kaolinite 92.43,
Effect of filling cellulose fibers (pulp fibers) with the conventional additive (inorganic filler kaolin), in the absence of sucrose
Table 2 shows the properties of paper composites made from cellulose fibers, filled with increasing amounts of kaolin (5, 10, 15 and 20 g of kaolin per 100 g of fibers).
It is evident from Table 2 that the strength (breaking length) of the paper composites decreased with increasing the amount of added kaolin. The breaking length of the blank (kaolin-free paper) was 2015 m, while that of the kaolin-filled paper composites decreased to 1634 m, due to addition of 20 g of kaolin per 100 g of fibers. Thus
Conclusions
This work introduces, for the first time worldwide, an advanced nanocomposite involving two additives – a nanoadditive and a conventional additive – within a matrix of natural cellulose fibers. The first additive (the nanoadditive) is sucrose, which incorporates the nanoporous structure of the cell walls of cellulose fibers. The second additive (the conventional additive) is kaolin, the famous paper filler. Kaolin is enmeshed between the adjacent cellulose fibers. This advanced paper
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