Abstract
Powder biochar has been reported as an efficient stabilizer for heavy metal contaminated soils. However, infrequent studies addressed its long-term performance in real multi-metal polluted soil. This study aimed to investigate the long-term performance of iron oxide-loaded biochar (IOBC) in stabilization of arsenic and cationic heavy metals in a real multi-contaminated soil. Besides, to overcome the drawbacks of powder-type IOBC, the granular and suspension forms of IOBC were prepared using biopolymers as polymeric binder. The performance of prepared IOBCs was evaluated against red mud (RM) and pristine biochar, as references. Two single extraction tests (TCLP and SPLP) and a sequential extraction test were adopted to evaluate the stabilization efficiency for the soil samples containing 5 w/w % of the prepared IOBCs. It was observed that although stabilizers with high alkalinity (RM and BC) showed negligible or low immobilization of arsenic, the SPLP stabilization efficiency was ≥ 74.9% and the TCLP stabilization efficiency was ≥ 89.1% for arsenic. Furthermore, the biopolymer-biochar suppressed PM2.5 and PM10 concentration during mixing. The soil loss in artificial rainfall was more than 400 g/m2 lower in the soil sample containing IOBC-suspension compared to control sample. The results indicated the high potential of the prepared stabilizers, especially IOBC-suspension, for large-scale remediation of multi-contaminated soils.
Highlights
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Stabilization efficiency was affected by the type of magnetic stabilizer.
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Performance of IOBC-based stabilizers was superior to the commercial red mud.
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Wetting properties of PVA significantly prevented dusting of powder stabilizer.
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Positive synergetic effect of magnetic stabilizer and biopolymers was observed.
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Data availability
All the data generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on request.
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This work was supported by Universities-Industries Collabo R&D project of Ministry of SMEs and Startups (S2910834). It was also partially supported by Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea, through research grant – 2022.
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Dong-Su Kim. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dong-Su Kim and Hiresh Moradi, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Yoon-Young Chang and Jae-Kyu Yang provided guidance on the preparation method of the different types of IOBC stabilizers. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Kim, DS., Moradi, H., Chang, YY. et al. Biopolymer-Biochar matrix for long-term stabilization of arsenic in soil: Performance, mechanisms, and the effect of cationic heavy metals. Biomass Conv. Bioref. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03531-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-03531-9