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Immobilization of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in sediment by red mud: adsorption characteristics, mechanism, and effect of dosage on immobilization efficiency

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Abstract

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of dosage on the immobilization of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in sediment by red mud (RM). To achieve this aim, the adsorption characteristics and mechanism of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn from aqueous solution on RM were studied at first, and then the influence of the RM dosage on the fractionation and leaching potential of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in sediment was investigated. The results showed that RM possessed high adsorption capacities for Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) in aqueous solution. The maximum monolayer Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) adsorption capacities for RM derived from the Langmuir isotherm model were found to be 296, 39.2, 70.2, 46.0, and 50.7 mg/g, respectively. The addition of RM into sediment could effectively reduce the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)-leachable concentrations of Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in the sediment. The added RM could effectively immobilize the mobile (exchangeable, reducible, and oxidizable fractions) Pb in sediment by the conversion of the exchangeable and reducible fractions into the residual fraction, and it could effectively immobilize the mobile Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in sediment by the conversion of the exchangeable fraction into the residual fraction. The quantities of mobile Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni immobilized by RM had a good linear relationship with the added RM. The above results suggest that RM is a promising amendment for the immobilization of mobile Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Zn in sediment, and the linear relationship between the RM dosage and the quantities of immobilized Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni by RM can be employed to determine the RM dosage required for the immobilization of mobile Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni in sediment.

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Funding

This work was jointly supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Shandong (No. 2020CXGC011404), Shandong Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project (Grant No. 2018YFJH0902), National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52070122 and 51408354), and Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 15ZR1420700).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Hucheng Ring Road No. 999, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Xianshang Bai, Jianwei Lin & Yanhui Zhan

  2. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan, 250101, People’s Republic of China

    Zhibin Zhang

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  1. Xianshang Bai
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  2. Jianwei Lin
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  4. Yanhui Zhan
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Contributions

Xianshang Bai: data curation, writing – original draft, investigation, software; Jianwei Lin: formal analysis, methodology, writing –original draft, conceptualization, funding acquisition, writing – review and editing; Zhibin Zhang: writing – review and editing, funding acquisition, methodology; Yanhui Zhan: software, validation, project administration, resources.

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Bai, X., Lin, J., Zhang, Z. et al. Immobilization of lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, and zinc in sediment by red mud: adsorption characteristics, mechanism, and effect of dosage on immobilization efficiency. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 51793–51814 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19506-2

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