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Magnesium Oxide and Silicon-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Gas Detection: A Performance Analysis

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Abstract

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with better sensitivity and gas detection capabilities is reported in this paper. It is based on a hybrid layer of silver (Ag)/magnesium oxide (MgO)/silicon (Si). For numerical analysis, the finite element technique (FEM) was employed. The attenuated total reflection (ATR) approach has been used for diagnosing various types of hazardous gas. The increase in the refractive index of various hazardous gases, ranging from 1.327 to 1.38 for four different types of gas, caused the resonance angle to shift. The obtained sensitivities were 86.12 deg/RIU, 164.54 deg/RIU, 199.59 deg/RIU, and 253.68 deg/RIU, respectively, for cyanogen, phosgene, ethanol, and propane gas. Additionally, the values of the detection accuracy (DA), the figure of merits (FoM), and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), which are 0.17 deg−1, 43.30 RIU−1, and 5.86 deg, respectively, were also obtained. The proposed structure’s distribution of the electric field propagation under resonant conditions was also depicted. Further tests were done to see how the thickness of the Ag and other layers affected the overall sensitivity sensor for the four different gas types. The proposed layered Ag/MgO/Si arrangement had the highest overall sensitivity in distinguishing propane gas from other hazardous gases.

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Funding

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the Research Groups Funding program grant code (NU/RG/SERC/12/3).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani & Adam R. H. Alhawari

  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Institute of Technology Gopeshwar, Chamoli-246424, Uttarakhand, India

    Arun Uniyal

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Mahatma Gandhi Road, 713209, Durgapur, West Bengal, India

    Partha Sarkar

  4. Department of Electronics and Communication, University of Allahabad, 211002, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Gaurav Srivastava

  5. School of Computing, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Gaurav Dhiman

  6. Department of Material Science and Engineering, Tripura University, Agartala, 799022, Tripura, India

    Debashish Pal

  7. Department of ETC, JSPM University, Nagar Road, 412207, Wagholi, Pune, India

    Arjuna Muduli

  8. Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Chakrata Road, Manduwala, Naugaon, 248007, Uttarakhand, India

    Sandeep Sharma

  9. University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140413, Mohali, India

    Amrindra Pal

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  1. Abdulkarem H. M. Almawgani
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Contributions

Abdulkarim H. M. Almawgani: conceptualization and software. Arun Uniyal: conceptualization. Partha Sarkar: writing—review and editing. Gaurav Srivastava: writing. Adam R. H. Alhawari: writing—original draft. Gaurav Dhiman: writing—review and editing, response to review preparation. Debashish Pal: formal analysis. Arjuna Muduli: formal analysis. Sandeep Sharma: Supervision. Amrindra Pal: supervision. All authors gave final approval for publication and agreed to be held accountable for the work performed therein.

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Correspondence to Amrindra Pal.

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Not applicable. The work presented in this manuscript is mathematical modeling only for the proposed biosensor. No experiment was performed on the human body and living organisms/animals. So, ethical approval from an ethical committee is not required.

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Almawgani, A.H.M., Uniyal, A., Sarkar, P. et al. Magnesium Oxide and Silicon-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for Gas Detection: A Performance Analysis. Plasmonics (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-02174-4

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