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Water Quality and Anthropogenic Impact Assessment Using Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators in a Stream Ecosystem

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Abstract

Dachigam-Dara catchment feeding the world-famous Dal Lake was assessed and evaluated for water quality and anthropogenic impacts using physico-chemical and biological data from 2016 to 2018. Seven sites belonging to Dachigam (DACZ) and Dara zone (DARZ) catchment, three sites from the confluence zone (WANZ), and two sites at the downstream end (TELZ) were selected characterized by varying degrees of anthropogenic pressures. Biological Monitoring Working Program, and Average Score Per Taxon at the upstream zones (DACZ, DARZ, and WANZ) recorded significantly higher scores with water quality indices falling within the good category than the downstream zone (TELZ). Taxa richness, and diversity indices of benthic macroinvertebrates recorded higher values at the upstream zones (DACZ, and DARZ), and confluence zone (WANZ), compared to the downstream zone (TELZ). Results revealed that phylum Arthropoda was most dominant contributing 37 invertebrate families (constituting 90% of the total macroinvertebrate community, including Crustacea and Arachnida) while phylum Mollusca and Annelida constitute 5% each. Macroinvertebrate families Baetidae, Erpobdellidae, Gammaridae, Chironomidae, and Heptagenidae contributed significantly to the similarity and dissimilarity between the sampling zones. The best subset of environmental variables (BIOENV) test revealed that the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage in the Dachigam-Dara catchment is driven by pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate phosphorous. The upstream zones (DACZ, and DARZ) and confluence zone (WANZ), compared to the downstream zone (TELZ) suggest progressive shift of pollution sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa to pollution tolerant taxa in response to anthropogenic activities in the stream ecosystem over time.

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Data Availability

The data used/or analyzed that support the findings of this study are available in the main manuscript file and from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are highly thankful to the Head, Department of Environmental Sciences, and the University of Kashmir for providing lab facilities and facilitating research work. Wildlife department, J&K, and Dachigam National Park officials are thanked for the permission to work in the Dachigam National Park.

Funding

This research work is funded and supported by SERB-DST having grant no. EMR/2016/000324 dated 24/03/2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar-190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India

    Inam Sabha, Aadil Hamid, Sami Ullah Bhat & Sheikh Tajamul Islam

Authors
  1. Inam Sabha
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  2. Aadil Hamid
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  3. Sami Ullah Bhat
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  4. Sheikh Tajamul Islam
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Contributions

Inam Sabha: conceptualization, methodology, software, validation, visualization, roles/writing—original draft. Aadil Hamid: data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, software; writing—original draft. Sami Ullah Bhat: conceptualization, supervision, validation, visualization, roles/writing—original draft, funding acquisition, project administration. Sheikh Tajamul Islam: formal analysis, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft.

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Correspondence to Sami Ullah Bhat.

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Sabha, I., Hamid, A., Bhat, S.U. et al. Water Quality and Anthropogenic Impact Assessment Using Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators in a Stream Ecosystem. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05839-8

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