Abstract
Location selection for offshore wind farms is a major challenge for renewable energy policy, marine spatial planning, and environmental conservation. This selection constitutes a multi-criteria decision-making problem, through which parameters like wind velocity, water depth, shorelines, fishing areas, shipping routes, environmental protection areas, transportation, and military zones should be jointly investigated. The aim of the present study was thus to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the siting of bottom-fixed offshore wind farms in two different countries (with different legal, political, and socio/economic characteristics). Our methodology combined multi-criteria decision-making methods and geographical information systems and was implemented in Cyclades (Greece) and in the sea area of İzmir region (Turkey). Experts used fuzzy sets and linguistic terms to achieve more consistent and independent rankings and results. In the Turkish region, the results showed that 519 km2 (10.23%) of the study area is suitable for offshore wind farms, while in the Greek region, only 289 km2 (3.22%) of the study area was found to be suitable. This spatial suitability analysis may contribute to provide some useful recommendations for the spatial marine planning at the regional scale, as well as for the preliminary assessment of new offshore wind farms in both countries.
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Notes
The newly established Cyclades Protected Areas Management Body (CPAMB), according to recent regulation (Law 419 of 20/2/2018), has full responsibility for the management of all these protected areas.
It should be noted that the main fishing grounds in Turkish territorial waters in the Aegean Sea are located in Çandarlı Bay, İzmir Bay, Sığacık, and Kuşadası Bay (Kınacigil and Ilkyaz 2012; Keskin et al. 2014). Angling exercises in this whole locale are spatially constrained because of the restricted mainland rack, the precarious slant, and its geomorphological qualities (Ismen et al. 2015).
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The authors thank the Turkish State Meteorological Service and General Directorate of Geographic Information Systems, the Department of Navigation, Hydrography and Oceanography, and the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research.
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Tercan, E., Tapkın, S., Latinopoulos, D. et al. A GIS-based multi-criteria model for offshore wind energy power plants site selection in both sides of the Aegean Sea. Environ Monit Assess 192, 652 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08603-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08603-9